All blog posts

Learn the difference between a solute and a solvent, how solutions form, and why this distinction matters in IB Chemistry.

Learn what conjugate acid–base pairs are, how they form, and why they are essential in IB acid–base theory.

Learn what standard electrode potential (E°) means, how it is measured, and how it predicts redox behavior in IB Chemistry.

Learn what an activated complex is, how it forms during reactions, and why it determines activation energy and reaction rate.

Learn what radical substitution is, how halogens react with alkanes, and why UV light is essential in this IB Chemistry mechanism.

Learn what an electrolytic cell is, how it uses electricity to drive non-spontaneous reactions, and why it is important in IB Chemistry.

Learn what lattice enthalpy is, how it’s defined, and why it matters in ionic bonding and energetics.

Learn why transition metal ions are colored, how d-orbital splitting works, and how IB Chemistry explains these vivid colors.

Learn what vapor pressure is, how it changes with temperature, and why it affects boiling, evaporation, and volatility.

Learn what Faraday’s constant is, why it equals 96485 C mol⁻¹, and how it is used in electrolysis and IB Chemistry calculations.

Learn what transition metals are, their defining properties, and why they play such a major role in IB Chemistry.

Learn what nucleophilic substitution is, how SN1 and SN2 mechanisms work, and why they matter in IB Chemistry.

Learn what an oxidizing agent is, how it functions in redox reactions, and how to identify strong oxidizing agents using electrode potentials.

Learn what the Arrhenius equation shows, how activation energy affects rate, and how temperature changes reaction speed.

Learn what London dispersion forces are, why all molecules have them, and how they affect boiling points and molecular properties in IB Chemistry.

Learn what ionization energy is, how it trends across the periodic table, and why atoms require energy to lose electrons.

Learn what a galvanic cell is, how it generates electricity, and why it is essential in IB Chemistry electrochemistry.

Learn what a homologous series is, its key characteristics, and why it matters in organic chemistry.

Learn what redox reactions are, how oxidation and reduction work, and how to identify electron transfer in IB Chemistry.

Learn what Raoult’s law states, how vapor pressure changes in solutions, and why ideal solutions follow this behavior.

Learn what half-equations are, how to write oxidation and reduction half-reactions, and why they are essential in IB Chemistry redox problems.