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Censorship
Censorship in Cuba was a systematic government policy designed to eliminate dissent and control all forms of communication, including print, electronic media, arts, and academia.
Congress of People's Deputies
A new Soviet legislative body created in 1989 as part of Gorbachev's demokratizatsiya reforms. It featured partially competitive elections and became a platform for reformers and nationalists to challenge Communist Party authority publicly for the first time.
Glasnost
Policy of openness that encouraged free discussion and criticism of government actions.
Gulag
The Main Administration of Camps, a vast Soviet network of forced labor camps where millions of political prisoners, criminals, and perceived enemies of the state were imprisoned. The Gulag served both as a tool of political repression and as a source of forced labor for economic projects.
Lysenkoism
A pseudoscientific agricultural theory promoted by Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko, rejecting genetics in favour of environmental conditioning of crops, adopted in Maoist China with disastrous consequences for food production.
Perestroika
Economic reform policy designed to restructure the Soviet economy by introducing market-like changes.
Propaganda
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. States use propaganda through media, education, and public events to shape public opinion.
Samizdat
The clandestine copying and distribution of banned literature and political texts by hand in the Soviet Union, bypassing state censorship.
Socialist realism
Socialist realism is a state-approved artistic style that glorifies socialist ideals, the working class and the achievements of the revolution, while discouraging experimental or abstract forms of expression.
Tamizdat
The practice of smuggling banned manuscripts out of the Soviet Union for publication abroad, then secretly reimporting copies back into the country.