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Anti-imperialism
Anti-imperialism is a political stance opposing imperialism, which is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or economic domination.
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the consolidation of power in a single leader or small group, limited political pluralism, repression of dissent, and little to no accountability to the public.
Censorship
Censorship in Cuba was a systematic government policy designed to eliminate dissent and control all forms of communication, including print, electronic media, arts, and academia.
Communism
Political system where the state controls the economy and promotes equality.
Coup d’état
A coup d'état is the sudden, illegal, and often violent seizure of power from a government by a small group of people, typically the military or other political elites.
Descamisados
Descamisados, or "shirtless ones" in Spanish, were the impoverished and working-class supporters of Argentine president Juan Perón during the mid-20th century.
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is a form of government where a single person or a small group holds absolute power, with no constitutional limitations or effective political opposition.
Embargo
A government order restricting trade, used by the United States to limit Japan’s access to oil and war materials.
Estado Novo (1937–1945)
Vargas’s authoritarian regime emphasizing nationalism, state-led industrialization, and social control through corporatist labor policies.
Guerrilla Warfare
Strategy of irregular combat and mobility, central to Mao’s revolutionary tactics.
Guerrilla Warfare
Small-group fighting against a larger army.
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
Economic strategy promoting domestic industry to replace foreign imports, reducing dependence on global markets
Justicialismo
Justicialismo, also known as Peronism, is characterized by its "three flags": social justice, economic independence, and political sovereignty. The doctrine emphasizes nationalism, the empowerment of the working class, and state intervention in the economy.
Liberation Theology
Liberation Theology is a Christian movement that emerged in Latin America in the late 1960s, interpreting religious faith through the struggles of the poor and oppressed
Literacy Campaign
The Cuban Literacy Campaign (Campana de Alfabetizacion) was a 1961 nationwide programme in which approximately 250,000 volunteer teachers (brigadistas) were sent to rural areas to teach reading and writing. It raised Cuba's literacy rate from around 60% to 96% within a single year.
Nationalization
When a government takes control of private industries or property, usually to strengthen national sovereignty.
Non-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of countries that chose not to formally align with either the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Planned Economy
An economic system controlled by the government, which determines production and distribution of goods.
Political polarization
Political polarization is the divergence of political attitudes toward ideological extremes. This growing divide creates an environment where cooperation and compromise are increasingly difficult, contributing to political dysfunction and societal unrest.
Propaganda
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. States use propaganda through media, education, and public events to shape public opinion.
Urban migration
Movement of people from rural to urban areas for work and opportunity.