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Alliance
an agreement between countries to support each other militarily or politically.
Autonomy
Freedom to govern independently without central oversight.
Autonomy
Ability of regions or communities to manage their own affairs.
Cash Crops
Agricultural products grown for export, such as sugar, coffee, and rubber.
Constitution
A set of fundamental principles or established precedents that form the supreme law of the land, determining how a state or organization is run.
Coup
a sudden seizure of power by a small group, often from within the government.
Diversification
Expansion into new markets to reduce economic dependence.
Ethnic cleansing
The forced removal, deportation, or killing of an ethnic or religious group from a territory to create an ethnically homogeneous region. It became a defining and horrifying feature of the Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001), particularly in Bosnia.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing refers to the deliberate, systematic removal of an ethnic or religious group from a territory through forced deportation, violence, or murder. The term became widely used during the Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001), where it was employed by multiple parties but most extensively by Bosnian Serb forces.
Humanitarian Intervention
The use of military or diplomatic action to prevent or stop human rights abuses in another country.
Inflation
General increase in prices and fall in purchasing power.
Infrastructure
The fundamental physical and organizational structures, such as transportation, communication, and energy systems, needed for a society’s economy to function effectively.
Legitimacy
The public’s acceptance of a leader’s authority, often earned through wartime experience or moral leadership.
Legitimacy
Legitimacy is public acceptance of authority
Political liberalization
Policies aimed at expanding political freedoms and participation.
Propaganda
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. States use propaganda through media, education, and public events to shape public opinion.
Reconstruction
Government-led rebuilding of society and economy after a major crisis.
Self-determination
The right of a people to control their own political, cultural, and economic destiny.
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the supreme authority within a state, granting it the power to govern itself without interference from external forces.
Ultimatum
a final demand or statement of terms issued by one party to another, with the threat of serious consequences if the terms are not accepted.