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Astrolabe
A navigation tool used to measure latitude by observing the stars.
Black Death
A devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that occurred in the mid-14th century, peaking in Europe between 1347 and 1350
Cosmopolitan
Open to and influenced by many different cultures or ideas.
Dar al-Islam
Regions under Muslim rule where Islamic culture and law prevailed.
Diplomacy
managing relations between countries
Interregional Trade
Exchange of goods and ideas across different regions or continents.
Khanate
A regional kingdom ruled by a Mongol khan or his descendants that stayed loyal to the main empire.
Kublai Khan
Mongol emperor of the Yuan Dynasty who attempted to invade Japan.
Pax Mongolica
A period of stability and law across Eurasia under Mongol rule that encouraged trade and communication.
Silk Road:
A network of trade routes connecting East Asia and the Mediterranean, revitalized under Mongol rule.
Yassa
The Mongol legal code created by Genghis Khan to keep order, reward loyalty, and unify different groups.
Yuan Dynasty
The Mongol dynasty in China founded by Kublai Khan (1271–1368).