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Civil disobedience
The peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws as a form of protest.
Jim Crow laws
A system of state and local laws enacted primarily in the Southern United States from the 1870s through the 1960s that enforced racial segregation and discrimination. Named after a Black caricature in minstrel shows, these laws mandated separate facilities for Black and white Americans in schools, transport, restaurants, and all areas of public life. They were enforced through legal penalties and the threat of extralegal violence.
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909, which used legal challenges, lobbying, and public campaigns to fight racial discrimination and secure civil rights for African Americans.
Southern Strategy
A Republican Party electoral strategy developed during the 1960s and 1970s to attract white Southern voters who were disaffected by the Democratic Party's support for civil rights legislation. The strategy involved appeals to states' rights, law and order, and opposition to busing and affirmative action. It contributed to the transformation of the South from a solidly Democratic region to a Republican stronghold by the 1990s.