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1911 Revolution
The 1911 Revolution (also known as the Xinhai Revolution) was a series of uprisings that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.
38th Parallel
Line dividing North and South Korea after 1945, becoming the frontline of political tension.
Abdication
when a ruler gives up the throne voluntarily.
Accession
Legal process by which princely states joined either India or Pakistan.
Administrative withdrawal
Gradual reduction of colonial government responsibilities.
Alliance
an agreement between countries to support each other militarily or politically.
Amritsar Massacre
British troops opened fire on a large crowd of unarmed Indians
Annexation
The formal addition of a territory into an empire.
ANZUS
Security alliance linking Australia, New Zealand and the United States.
Arrow Incident
Conflict between Chinese authorities and British traders used to justify war.
Article 9
Clause in Japan’s 1947 Constitution that prohibits war and the maintenance of offensive military forces.
Asia for the Asiatics
Japanese slogan used to justify occupation and rally anti-Western sentiment in Asia.
Assimilation
Policy expecting migrants or minorities to adopt majority culture.
Assimilation
Policy encouraging indigenous peoples to adopt European culture and abandon traditional ways.
Assimilation policy
Expectation that migrants adopt the dominant culture.
Assisted passage
Government-supported travel to attract immigrants.
Astrolabe
A navigation tool used to measure latitude by observing the stars.
Atlantic Charter (1941)
Agreement between Churchill and Roosevelt promising the right of self-determination, which Indian leaders used to argue for independence.
August Revolution
Nationwide Viet Minh uprising that established Vietnamese independence in 1945.
August Revolution (1945)
Uprising led by the Viet Minh that established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam after Japan’s surrender.
Aung San
Burmese nationalist and founder of the Burmese Independence Army, initially supported by Japan.
Autonomy
Freedom to govern independently without central oversight.
Autonomy
Ability of regions or communities to manage their own affairs.
Awami League
Political party led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman advocating autonomy and independence.