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Annexation
The formal addition of a territory into an empire.
Assimilation
Policy expecting migrants or minorities to adopt majority culture.
Assimilation
the process of absorbing a minority group into the dominant culture, often by erasing its language and traditions.
British North America Act (1867)
The legislation passed by the British Parliament that united Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into the Dominion of Canada, creating a federal system of government.
Caudillo
A strongman or military leader who exercised personal power and often filled the vacuum left by weak national institutions.
Caudillo
A military or political strongman in nineteenth-century Latin America who exercised personal power and authority, often filling the vacuum left by weak or unstable governments.
Creoles
American-born descendants of Europeans who sought political and economic independence but often resisted radical social change.
Dominion
Semi-independent colony within the British Empire (e.g., Australia 1901, New Zealand 1907).
Expansionism
U.S. policy of acquiring territories abroad for economic and strategic purposes.
Factionalism
The division of a political movement, party, or government into competing groups or factions, each pursuing its own interests or ideology.
Federalism
A political system that divides power between a central government and regional or state authorities.
General Justo José de Urquiza
An Argentine caudillo and political leader who overthrew dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1852 and promoted a federal constitution to unify Argentina under shared provincial and national authority.
Impressment
The British naval practice of forcibly recruiting sailors, often including American citizens, into service, a major cause of tension leading to the War of 1812.
Nationalism
The belief that a people sharing common history, culture, or identity should govern themselves.
Political Deadlock
A situation in which rival political parties or factions are unable to agree or form a stable majority, preventing effective decision-making or legislative progress.
Shays’ Rebellion (1786–1787)
An armed uprising of poor farmers in Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays, protesting high taxes, debt, and foreclosures after the American Revolution.
The Great Compromise (1787)
It created a bicameral legislature:
War Hawks
A group of young, nationalist U.S. congressmen in the early 1800s who advocated for war with Britain to defend American honor, expand territory, and assert national independence.