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Anarchism
A political philosophy that advocates for a society without hierarchies or centralized authority, especially rejecting the state and government.
Cold War
Political rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union after WWII
Conscription
A government policy that requires eligible citizens to serve in the military, often called a draft.
Guerrilla tactics
Strategy using mobility, ambush and knowledge of terrain against stronger forces.
Guerrilla Warfare
Irregular fighting by small, mobile groups using surprise tactics against larger traditional forces.
Inflation
General increase in prices and fall in purchasing power.
Isolationism
A foreign policy stance of avoiding involvement in international affairs, alliances, and conflicts. In the 1930s, the United States pursued isolationism through the Neutrality Acts, refusing to intervene in European and Asian crises.
Land Reform
Government redistribution of agricultural land from large landowners to peasant farmers, often involving confiscation and political mobilisation of the rural population.
Legitimacy
The public’s acceptance of a leader’s authority, often earned through wartime experience or moral leadership.
Popular Front
A broad coalition of left-wing and centrist political parties formed to oppose fascism, most notably in France (1936) and Spain (1936), typically uniting communists, socialists, and liberals.
Republic
Republic is a government in which the head of state is elected, not inherited.
White terror
A violent purge in Shanghai, led by Jiang Jieshi and the GMD, in which thousands of Communists and suspected leftists were arrested, executed, or suppressed to eliminate communist influence in China.