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Act of Chapultepec (1945)
The Act of Chapultepec was a declaration signed on March 8, 1945, at the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace in Mexico City. It was an agreement among American nations to undertake joint action to protect the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence of any American state from aggression, whether from within or outside the continent
Collective Security
A system in which a group of nations commits to respond collectively to threats or acts of aggression against any member state.
Conscription
A government policy that requires eligible citizens to serve in the military, often called a draft.
Containment
The strategy of stopping communist expansion through alliances, aid, and limited military action.
Deterrence
Using the threat of strong retaliation to discourage an enemy from taking aggressive actions.
Economic mobilization
During World War II, economic mobilization led to the rapid conversion of factories to produce military goods, significantly increasing wartime production
Executive Order 9066
Law authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from military zones.
Good Neighbor Policy
The Good Neighbor Policy was a foreign policy initiative of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) aimed at improving relations between the United States and Latin American countries.
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and lasted through the 1930s. It caused mass unemployment, collapsed international trade, and destabilised democratic governments, contributing to the rise of extremist movements in Europe.
Hemispheric solidarity
Hemispheric solidarity is the concept of unity and collective action among the nations of the Western Hemisphere
Hiroshima 1945
The bombing was the first use of a nuclear weapon in warfare and led to tens of thousands of deaths, the near-total destruction of the city, and Japan's eventual surrender.
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
Economic strategy promoting domestic industry to replace foreign imports, reducing dependence on global markets
Internment
Confinement of civilians during wartime due to nationality or ethnicity.
Isolationism
A foreign policy stance of avoiding involvement in international affairs, alliances, and conflicts. In the 1930s, the United States pursued isolationism through the Neutrality Acts, refusing to intervene in European and Asian crises.
Lend-Lease
A US policy enacted in March 1941 allowing the President to transfer military supplies to any nation whose defence was deemed vital to American security, without requiring immediate payment. It provided over $50 billion in aid to the Allies during World War II.
Lend-Lease
A US programme enacted in March 1941 that allowed the president to supply military aid to nations deemed vital to American defence. It provided billions of dollars in equipment to Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and other Allied powers without requiring immediate payment.
Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise aerial attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Unconditional Surrender
Allied demand that Japan surrender without conditions.
War Production Board
The War Production Board (WPB) was a U.S. government agency established during World War II to manage and coordinate industrial production for the war effort.