Loading subject…
Cash Crops
Agricultural products grown for export, such as sugar, coffee, and rubber.
Civil disobedience
The peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws as a form of protest.
Coalition Government
A government formed by multiple parties that agree to work together, usually because no single party has won an outright majority in parliament.
Cold War
Political rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union after WWII
Constitution
A set of fundamental principles or established precedents that form the supreme law of the land, determining how a state or organization is run.
Cooperatives
Groups of peasants pooling land and tools under collective management.
Cripps Mission (1942)
British proposal offering India post-war Dominion status, rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League.
Cult of Personality
The use of mass media, propaganda, and state-controlled information to create an idealized and heroic public image of a leader, demanding unquestioning devotion. Stalin's cult portrayed him as an infallible genius and the father of the Soviet nation.
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV)
State proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in 1945 after Japan’s surrender.
Desegregation
The process of ending the separation of racial groups in public institutions such as schools, transport, and facilities, often enforced through court orders or legislation.
Dominion status
Semi-independent status within the British Commonwealth.
Federalism
A system that divides power between national and state governments.
Five-Year Plans
Government-led economic programs to boost industrial and agricultural growth.
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and lasted through the 1930s. It caused mass unemployment, collapsed international trade, and destabilised democratic governments, contributing to the rise of extremist movements in Europe.
Great Depression (1929)
A worldwide economic collapse that began with the U.S. stock market crash, leading to mass unemployment, bank failures, and a severe decline in global trade throughout the 1930s.
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Network of supply routes used by North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia.
Imperialism
the policy of expanding a nation’s power through colonization or military force.
Industrialization
the process of developing factories, technology, and large-scale production.
Inflation
General increase in prices and fall in purchasing power.
Lahore Resolution (1940)
Official Muslim League resolution demanding the creation of “independent states” for Muslims in north-western and eastern India.
Mandate of Heaven
Traditional Chinese belief that Heaven grants the right to rule based on virtue.
Nationalisation
Nationalisation is the process by which a government takes ownership and control of private industries, institutions or assets, bringing them under state management.
Nationalism
The belief that a people sharing common history, culture, or identity should govern themselves.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
An international grouping of states that refused to formally align with either the US-led Western bloc or the Soviet-led Eastern bloc during the Cold War.