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Constitution
A set of fundamental principles or established precedents that form the supreme law of the land, determining how a state or organization is run.
Cooperatives
Groups of peasants pooling land and tools under collective management.
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and lasted through the 1930s. It caused mass unemployment, collapsed international trade, and destabilised democratic governments, contributing to the rise of extremist movements in Europe.
Industrialization
the process of developing factories, technology, and large-scale production.
Nationalisation
Nationalisation is the process by which a government takes ownership and control of private industries, institutions or assets, bringing them under state management.
Nationalism
The belief that a people sharing common history, culture, or identity should govern themselves.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
An international grouping of states that refused to formally align with either the US-led Western bloc or the Soviet-led Eastern bloc during the Cold War.
Planned Economy
An economic system controlled by the government, which determines production and distribution of goods.
Self-determination
Principle that nations should have the right to govern themselves, ignored in China’s case.