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Accession
Legal process by which princely states joined either India or Pakistan.
Awami League
Political party led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman advocating autonomy and independence.
BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist Party)
Major political party established by Ziaur Rahman.
Centralization
Concentration of political authority in the national government.
Civil-military imbalance
Situation where the military becomes more powerful than civilian institutions.
Cultural discrimination
Unequal treatment of groups based on language, ethnicity or heritage.
Dominion status
Semi-independent status within the British Commonwealth.
Emergency
Emergency is the suspension of democratic rights under constitutional powers
Global integration
Growing economic and technological interconnectedness among nations.
Indo-Sri Lanka Accord
Agreement to create a framework for Tamil autonomy and reduce conflict.
Islamization
Policies promoting Islamic legal codes and social norms implemented by Zia.
JVP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna)
Marxist revolutionary movement behind the 1971 uprising.
Linguistic nationalism
Loyalty and identity based on language rather than religion or territory.
Linguistic Nationalism
Loyalty based on language identity, as seen in the Bengali Language Movement.
LoC (Line of Control)
Ceasefire boundary dividing Indian- and Pakistani-controlled Kashmir after 1949.
LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam)
LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam)
Majoritarianism
Political dominance by the ethnic majority at the expense of minorities.
Majoritarianism
Rule that favors one dominant group at the expense of others.
Martial law
Temporary military control of government due to crisis.
Nationalization
When a government takes control of private industries or property, usually to strengthen national sovereignty.
Nationalization
Government takeover of private industries, expanding state control.
Official language policy
Government decision defining the language(s) used for administration and law.
Operation Gibraltar
Pakistani plan to infiltrate fighters into Kashmir in 1965.
Patronage politics
System where leaders maintain power through favors and personal loyalty networks.