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1911 Revolution
The 1911 Revolution (also known as the Xinhai Revolution) was a series of uprisings that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.
Abdication
when a ruler gives up the throne voluntarily.
Alliance
an agreement between countries to support each other militarily or politically.
Annexation
The formal addition of a territory into an empire.
Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)
A violent anti-foreign uprising in China, led by a group called the "Boxers" or "Righteous and Harmonious Fists"
Confucianism
a Chinese belief system based on moral order, loyalty, and respect for hierarchy.
Constitution
a set of principles that defines how a country is governed.
Constitutional Monarchy
a government in which a monarch’s powers are limited by a constitution and shared with elected officials.
Coup
a sudden seizure of power by a small group, often from within the government.
Donghak Rebellion
a peasant uprising in Korea that triggered foreign intervention and war.
Factionalism
conflict between groups within the same organization or movement.
Feudal
a system where land is controlled by lords in exchange for loyalty or service.
Gunboat Diplomacy
Using the threat or presence of naval power to pressure another government into a trade or diplomatic agreement.
Imperialism
the policy of expanding a nation’s power through colonization or military force.
Indemnity
a payment made by a defeated country to cover the costs of war.
Industrialization
the process of developing factories, technology, and large-scale production.
Manchuria
a region in northeastern China rich in resources, contested by Japan and Russia.
Missionary
a person sent to spread a religion, often Christianity.
Modernization
The process of updating technology, industry, and infrastructure to meet new economic and social needs.
Modernize
to adopt new systems, technologies, or ideas to improve a nation's strength and efficiency.
Nationalism
Belief in collective national identity and the right to self-determination.
Nationalism:
A political ideology emphasizing loyalty and devotion to one’s nation, often seeking self-determination, unity, and independence from foreign control.
Protectorate
A territory that keeps local rulers but is controlled by a foreign power in key areas like defense and trade.
Protectorate
a country controlled and protected by a stronger power.