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Appeasement
A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict, most associated with British policy towards Nazi Germany in the 1930s.
Collective security
Collective security is the idea that nations work together to maintain peace by deterring or punishing aggression.
Collective Security
A system in which a group of nations commits to respond collectively to threats or acts of aggression against any member state.
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and lasted through the 1930s. It caused mass unemployment, collapsed international trade, and destabilised democratic governments, contributing to the rise of extremist movements in Europe.
League of Nations
The postwar international organization created to maintain peace and collective security; Brazil was an active early member before withdrawing in 1926.
Rome-Berlin Axis
A diplomatic agreement signed in October 1936 between Mussolini and Hitler, establishing closer cooperation between fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. It was not a binding military alliance but marked the end of Italy's alignment with Britain and France.
Sanctions
Sanctions were economic, political, and cultural penalties imposed by the international community to pressure the South African government to end apartheid and move toward democratic reform.