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First United Front (1923–1927)
Tactical alliance between the GMD and CCP to unify China against warlords.
Guerrilla Warfare
Strategy of irregular combat and mobility, central to Mao’s revolutionary tactics.
Jiangxi Soviet
Communist-controlled region established in southeastern China (1931–1934) as a laboratory for Maoist governance.
Landlordism
System of agricultural exploitation in which wealthy landowners controlled rural production and extracted rent from peasants.
Legitimacy
Legitimacy is public acceptance of authority
Marxism-Leninism
Communist ideology emphasizing class struggle and revolution; Mao later adapted it to focus on peasants rather than industrial workers.
Rectification Movement
CCP campaign for ideological discipline and self-criticism under Mao’s leadership.
Shanghai Massacre (1927)
Violent suppression of the CCP by Jiang’s forces, ending the First United Front.
Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention
Red Army code promoting discipline and civilian cooperation.
Yan’an Soviet (1935–1947)
CCP headquarters after the Long March, symbolizing Mao’s ideological and organizational dominance.
Zunyi Conference (1935)
Meeting during the Long March where Mao gained leadership over the CCP.