Explore how technology can democratize knowledge yet deepen the digital divide, with IB Philosophy analysis of access, power, and epistemic injustice.

4.1 Normative ethics

Is Ethics More About Self-Interest or the Interests of Others?

Explore whether ethics prioritizes self-interest or others through ethical egoism, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics for IB Philosophy exams.

3.3 Application of knowledge

What Does Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Say About Knowledge?

Learn how Article 27 of the UDHR connects access to science and culture with creators’ rights, and how to analyse this tension in IB Philosophy exams.

4.1 Normative ethics

What's the Difference Between Virtue-Based, Deontological, and Teleological (Consequentialist) Ethical Theories?

Compare virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism through their moral focus, decision rules, key thinkers, and use in IB Philosophy exam responses.

4.1 Normative ethics

What Is Kantian Deontology?

Learn how Kantian deontology bases morality on duty, reason, universal maxims, and respect for persons, with clear guidance for IB Philosophy exams.

4.1 Normative ethics

What Is Divine Command Theory?

Learn how divine command theory grounds moral duties in God's commands, including the Euthyphro dilemma, key objections, and IB exam technique.

4.1 Normative ethics

What's the Difference Between Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism?

Learn how act and rule utilitarianism differ in moral decisions, consequences, rules, objections, and application in IB Philosophy exam answers.

4.1 Normative ethics

What's the Difference Between Duty and Dharma?

Compare duty and dharma in IB Philosophy: moral obligation, role-based responsibility, cosmic order, the Bhagavad Gita, and key exam distinctions for students.

4.2 Meta-ethics

Is Moral Sense Subjective or Objective?

Explore whether moral sense is subjective or objective through moral realism, sentimentalism, and anti-realism, with focused IB Philosophy exam advice.

4.2 Meta-ethics

Are Moral Principles Universal or Relative to Culture?

Explore moral universalism and cultural relativism in IB Philosophy, including key arguments, objections, distinctions, and exam techniques.

4.2 Meta-ethics

What Are Moral Values and Where Do They Come From?

Learn what moral values are and compare realist, naturalist, constructivist, relativist, and emotivist accounts for IB Philosophy exams with clear examples.

4.2 Meta-ethics

What Does “Good” Mean in a Moral Statement?

Explore what “good” means in moral statements through cognitivism, naturalism, intuitionism, emotivism, and prescriptivism for IB Philosophy exam preparation.

4.2 Meta-ethics

What's the Difference Between Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism in Ethics?

Learn how cognitivism treats moral claims as truth-apt beliefs, while non-cognitivism sees them as attitudes or prescriptions in IB Philosophy.

4.3 Applied ethics

What Are the Key Ethical Debates in Biomedical Ethics (Cloning; Euthanasia; Abortion)?

Examine IB Philosophy debates about cloning, euthanasia, and abortion through autonomy, personhood, consequences, rights, and the value of life.

4.3 Applied ethics

What Are the Key Ethical Debates in Business Ethics (Fair Trade; Child Labour)?

Explore fair trade and child labour through utilitarianism, deontology, justice and rights, with precise guidance for IB Philosophy exam responses and essays.

4.3 Applied ethics

What Are Our Ethical Obligations Regarding the Distribution of Wealth?

Compare utilitarian, Rawlsian, libertarian, and capability-based views of ethical obligations for wealth distribution in IB Philosophy exam responses.

4.3 Applied ethics

What Did Peter Singer Argue in “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”?

Learn why Singer argues that affluent people must prevent suffering when they can do so without sacrificing anything morally comparable in IB Philosophy.

5.1 Nature and existence of God

What Does the Word “God” Mean?

Explore what “God” means in IB Philosophy, from classical theism and divine attributes to non-classical concepts, definitions, and exam technique.

5.1 Nature and existence of God

What Is the Teleological (Design) Argument for God's Existence?

Learn how the teleological argument infers God from order, purpose and fine-tuning, including Paley, Hume and focused IB Philosophy exam guidance.

5.1 Nature and existence of God

What Is the Cosmological Argument for God's Existence?

Learn how the cosmological argument infers God's existence from causation, contingency, and the universe's need for an ultimate explanation in IB Philosophy.

5.1 Nature and existence of God

What Is the Ontological Argument for God's Existence?

Learn Anselm's ontological argument for God, its a priori logic, key objections from Gaunilo and Kant, and how to evaluate it in IB Philosophy essays.

5.1 Nature and existence of God

What's the Difference Between Monotheism, Polytheism, and Pantheism?

Learn how monotheism, polytheism, and pantheism differ in their accounts of God, divine reality, transcendence, and the universe in IB Philosophy.

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