Cultural identity is an important theme in IB Geography, particularly within the Human Development and Diversity unit. Cultural identity refers to the shared beliefs, values, traditions, language, and practices that shape how individuals and groups see themselves. These identities are not fixed; they change over time due to social, economic, political, and technological influences.

One of the most significant drivers of changing cultural identity is globalisation. Increased global connectivity through trade, media, and communication allows ideas, lifestyles, and cultural products to spread rapidly between places. Global brands, music, fashion, and social media platforms influence how people dress, eat, and communicate. This can lead to cultural homogenisation, where local cultures become more similar, particularly among younger generations.

Migration is another key factor shaping cultural change. When people move between regions or countries, they bring their languages, traditions, and beliefs with them. This creates multicultural societies where cultural identities blend and evolve. In many cities, migration has led to hybrid cultures that combine elements from different backgrounds. While this can enrich societies, it can also create tensions over identity, belonging, and social integration.

Advances in technology and communication have accelerated cultural change. The internet and social media expose people to global influences instantly, reducing the importance of distance. Cultural ideas can spread across the world in seconds, shaping attitudes and behaviours. Traditional customs may decline as new forms of communication and entertainment become dominant.

Economic development also influences cultural identity. As countries develop, lifestyles often change. Urbanisation, increased education, and rising incomes can weaken traditional social structures and alter family roles. For example, greater female participation in education and employment can change gender roles and expectations within societies. These changes reflect shifting cultural values linked to development.

In IB Geography, it is important to recognise that cultural change is not always passive. Some communities actively resist change to preserve traditions, languages, and identities. This can be seen in movements to protect indigenous cultures, promote local languages, or preserve traditional land use practices. Cultural identity can therefore be both dynamic and contested.

Political factors also shape cultural identity. Government policies on education, language, religion, and media can strengthen or weaken cultural traditions. National identity campaigns may promote shared values, while minority cultures may struggle for recognition and protection.

Overall, cultural identities change over time due to globalisation, migration, technological advances, and development. These changes reflect the dynamic nature of culture and highlight the complex relationship between identity, place, and power.

RevisionDojo helps IB Geography students understand cultural change clearly, linking identity to global processes and supporting confident, well-structured exam responses.