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Chemistry

What Is an Expanded Octet? (HL)

Learn what an expanded octet means in IB Chemistry HL, which atoms can form one, how electrons are counted, and how it affects Lewis structures and VSEPR.

S2.2 The covalent model

What Is Orbital Hybridization (sp; sp2; sp3)? (HL)

Learn how sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridization determines orbital geometry, bond angles, sigma bonding and pi bonding in IB Chemistry HL molecules.

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Every question IB students actually ask.

Chemistry

What Is an Expanded Octet? (HL)

What Is Orbital Hybridization (sp; sp2; sp3)? (HL)

MYP Subjects

Chemistry

What Is an Expanded Octet? (HL)

What Is Orbital Hybridization (sp; sp2; sp3)? (HL)

How Is the Periodic Table Organized (Periods; Groups; Blocks)?

How Do You Find an Element's Electron Configuration From Its Position in the Periodic Table?

What Are Alkali Metals, Halogens, Transition Elements, and Noble Gases?

What Are Periodicity and Periodic Trends?

Why Do Discontinuities Occur in First Ionization Energy Trends Across a Period? (HL)

What Makes Transition Elements Different From Other Elements (Variable Oxidation States; Color; Catalysis)? (HL)

How Do You Use the Color Wheel to Predict the Color of a Transition Metal Complex? (HL)

What Are the Different Ways to Represent Organic Molecules (Empirical; Molecular; Structural; Skeletal)?

How Do Alkenes React with Water, Halogens, and Hydrogen Halides?

What Is Heterolytic Fission?

Why Does Bromine Water Go Colorless When Mixed With an Alkene?

What's the Difference Between a Nucleophile and an Electrophile?

What Happens During a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction?

How Does a Coordination Bond Form Between a Lewis Acid and Lewis Base? (HL)

What's the Difference Between SN1 and SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms? (HL)

What Is a Lewis Acid and a Lewis Base? (HL)

Why Does the Identity of the Leaving Group Affect Substitution Reaction Rate? (HL)

How Do Ligands Bond to Transition Metal Ions to Form Complex Ions? (HL)

Why Is Iodide a Better Leaving Group Than Chloride? (HL)

How Does Benzene Undergo Electrophilic Substitution Instead of Addition? (HL)

What Determines the Major Product When HBr Reacts With an Unsymmetrical Alkene (Markovnikov's Rule / Carbocation Stability)? (HL)

How Does Nitration of Benzene Work? (HL)