Why “Analysis” Is the Skill That Holds Students Back
In MYP English, most students don’t lose marks because they misunderstand the text.
They lose marks because they describe instead of analyse.
This is one of the biggest hurdles in IB Middle Years Programme Language and Literature. Students often know what happens in a text — but struggle to explain why it matters and how the author creates meaning.
The good news: analysis is a trainable skill, not a natural talent.
Description vs Analysis: The Line That Changes Everything
A useful rule of thumb:
- Description = what happens
- Analysis = how and why it happens
For example:
- Description: The author uses short sentences.
- Analysis: The author uses short sentences to create tension, mirroring the character’s panic and increasing the reader’s sense of urgency.
That second sentence explains effect and purpose — the core of analysis.
Start With Authorial Choices, Not Themes
Many students jump straight to big ideas like themes or messages. This often weakens analysis.
Strong analytical responses usually follow this order:
- Identify a specific authorial choice (language, structure, imagery, tone)
- Explain how it works
- Explain why it was used (effect on reader, purpose, context)
Themes should emerge naturally from this process — not replace it.
Use the “Because” Test
One simple way to improve analysis is to force yourself to finish sentences with because.
If you can’t do it, the sentence is probably descriptive.
Example:
- Weak: This metaphor is effective.
- Strong: This metaphor is effective because it links isolation to physical confinement, reinforcing the character’s emotional state.
The word because forces explanation — and explanation earns marks.
Focus on One Idea Per Paragraph
A common mistake is trying to analyse everything at once.
High-scoring MYP English responses:
- Develop one clear idea per paragraph
- Use one or two precise pieces of evidence
- Fully explain impact and purpose
Depth beats breadth every time.
Link Language Choices to Purpose and Audience
Analysis improves significantly when students ask:
- Who is this written for?
- What response is the author trying to create?
Language doesn’t exist in isolation. When students connect techniques to intended effect, their analysis becomes far more sophisticated.
Why Feedback Is the Fastest Way to Improve Analysis
Most teachers give feedback like:
- “Develop analysis further”
- “Explain your point”
- “This is too descriptive”
Students improve when they:
- Identify where feedback applies
- Rewrite one paragraph at a time
- Focus on explanation, not extra quotes
This is where targeted practice matters more than rereading notes.
Structured, question-based practice — like the kind students do on RevisionDojo — helps isolate analysis skills. By practising short analytical responses, reviewing criteria-linked feedback, and refining explanations, students see improvement quickly without rewriting full essays.
Common Habits That Weaken Analysis
- Retelling the plot before analysing
- Listing techniques without explaining effect
- Overusing quotations with little commentary
- Writing long paragraphs with unfocused ideas
Breaking these habits often leads to immediate score improvements.
Questions Students and Parents Often Ask
Do students need sophisticated vocabulary to analyse well?
No. Clear explanation matters far more than complex language.
How many quotes should students use?
Fewer than most think. One well-analysed quote is better than three unexplained ones.
Can analysis be practised without full essays?
Yes. Short paragraph responses are often more effective for skill-building.
How long does it take to see improvement?
Many students see noticeable improvement within weeks once they focus on explanation and effect rather than content.
The Shift That Unlocks Higher Marks
Students improve analysis when they stop asking:
What does this show?
and start asking:
How does the author make this happen — and why?
Once that question becomes automatic, analysis stops feeling vague and starts becoming deliberate.
And that’s when MYP English results begin to change.
