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Arabic A Lit
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Business Management
Chemistry
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Computer Science (CS)
Computer Science (First Exam 2027)

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Design Technology (First Exam 2027)
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Geography
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German A Lit
German ab initio
German B
Global Politics
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History (First Exam 2028)
Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA)
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Physics
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Psychology (First Exam 2027)
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Environmental systems and societies (ESS) Student Questions - Page 2 | RevisionDojo

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Environmental systems and societies (ESS)

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Environmental systems and societies (ESS)

1.3 Sustainability

What Is the Doughnut Economics Model?

Learn how the doughnut economics model links social needs to planetary boundaries and how to apply it in IB ESS sustainability exam responses.

1.3 Sustainability

What Are the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and What Are Their Uses and Limitations?

Learn what the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals are, how they guide sustainability action, and their key uses and limitations for IB ESS exams.

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2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between an Individual, Population, Community, and Ecosystem?

Learn the ecological hierarchy from individual to ecosystem, with precise IB ESS definitions, a Serengeti example, and exam guidance for Subtopic 2.1.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

How Do Taxonomists Identify a Species?

Learn how taxonomists use dichotomous keys and DNA surveys to identify species, compare each method, and apply the evidence in IB ESS exam answers.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What Abiotic Factors Affect Species Distribution (Temperature, pH, and Salinity)?

Learn how temperature, pH, and salinity act as abiotic limiting factors that determine species distribution in IB ESS exam questions and fieldwork.

1.3 Sustainability

What Is the Planetary Boundaries Model and Which Boundaries Have Been Crossed?

Learn how the planetary boundaries model defines Earth's safe operating space, which seven boundaries are crossed, and how to explain it clearly in IB ESS exams.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affecting a Population?

Learn how abiotic conditions and biotic interactions affect population distribution, growth and carrying capacity in IB Environmental Systems and Societies.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What Are the Different Ways Populations Interact (Predation; Mutualism; Parasitism; Competition)?

Understand how predation, mutualism, parasitism and competition affect populations, with IB ESS examples, interaction signs and exam-ready distinctions.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

How Do Density-Dependent Factors Regulate Population Size?

Learn how density-dependent factors regulate populations through negative feedback, competition, predation and disease in IB Environmental Systems and Societies.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

How Do You Use the Lincoln Index (Capture-Mark-Release-Recapture) to Estimate Population Size?

Learn how to calculate population size using the Lincoln index, apply capture-mark-release-recapture data, and evaluate assumptions in IB ESS exams.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between Exponential (J-Curve) and Logistic (S-Curve) Population Growth?

Compare exponential J-curve and logistic S-curve population growth, including carrying capacity, limiting factors, feedback, and IB ESS exam technique.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

How Do You Estimate Population Size Using Quadrat Sampling?

Learn how to estimate population size using random quadrat sampling, calculate mean density, scale it to habitat area, and avoid common IB ESS exam errors.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

Why Is Carrying Capacity Hard to Assess for Human Populations?

Learn why human carrying capacity is difficult to assess in IB ESS, including technology, trade, consumption, inequality and changing resource availability.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between a Habitat and a Niche?

Learn the IB ESS difference between habitat and niche, with precise definitions, a comparison table, a named example, and exam-ready terminology.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

How Do Clades Differ From Traditional Taxonomy?

Learn how clades group a common ancestor and all descendants, while traditional taxonomy uses ranked categories, for IB ESS HL Topic 2.1 exam success.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

Why Is Sustainability a Natural Property of Ecosystems?

Learn how sustainability emerges in ecosystems through energy flow, nutrient cycling, negative feedback, diversity, resilience, and succession in IB ESS.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What Is a Keystone Species and Why Does Removing One Risk Ecosystem Collapse?

Learn how keystone species maintain ecosystem stability, how removal triggers trophic cascades, and how to explain the mechanism in IB ESS exam answers.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

How Does the First Law of Thermodynamics Apply to Energy Flow in Ecosystems?

Learn how the first law of thermodynamics explains energy transformations, transfers, and heat loss through ecosystems for IB ESS exams at SL and HL.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between a Fundamental Niche and a Realized Niche? (HL)

Learn how fundamental and realized niches differ, how competition restricts species distribution, and how to explain the distinction in IB ESS HL exams.

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

What's the Difference Between r-Strategist and K-Strategist Species? (HL)

Compare r-strategist and K-strategist species, their reproductive adaptations, population patterns and roles in succession for IB ESS HL exams.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

How Do Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Transform Energy and Matter?

Learn how photosynthesis and respiration transform energy and matter in IB ESS ecosystems, including energy flow, matter cycling, and exam technique.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

How Does the Second Law of Thermodynamics Limit Energy Transfer Efficiency?

Learn how the second law of thermodynamics causes energy losses between trophic levels and limits food-chain length in IB Environmental Systems and Societies.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What's the Difference Between Gross Productivity and Net Productivity?

Learn how gross productivity differs from net productivity in IB ESS, including the respiration relationship, a worked example, and exam guidance.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What Is Biomagnification of Non-Biodegradable Pollutants (Like PCBs)?

Learn how persistent pollutants such as PCBs become more concentrated at successive trophic levels, their impacts, and how to explain this in IB ESS exams.

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