Effective ideation techniques include brainstorming, mind mapping, SCAMPER, morphological analysis, analogies, rapid sketching, and co-design. In B2.1, these techniques support divergent thinking by producing numerous varied ideas before designers use convergent thinking to evaluate and refine them.
How the techniques generate ideas
Ideation begins after designers investigate the problem, users, and context. A design brief and specification provide direction, while ideation methods explore different ways of satisfying requirements.
During divergent thinking, designers prioritize variety and defer judgment. Premature evaluation restricts creativity and encourages fixation on an early idea.
| Ideation technique | How it generates ideas |
|---|---|
| Brainstorming | Produces many ideas quickly through free association while postponing criticism. |
| Mind mapping | Connects a central problem to users, functions, materials, and contexts. |
| SCAMPER | Prompts designers to Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, or Reverse features. |
| Morphological analysis | Lists options for separate functions, then combines them into new concepts. |
| Rapid sketching | Quickly visualizes alternative forms, layouts, mechanisms, and interactions. |
| Analogies and biomimicry | Transfer principles from other products, systems, or nature. |
| Co-design | Involves users or stakeholders, generating ideas from their experiences and needs. |
For example, a designer developing a school bag could use SCAMPER to combine a shoulder strap with storage, eliminate unnecessary fasteners, or adapt ventilation structures from sports equipment. Concepts are then compared with the design specification, developed through modelling, and tested.
A common misconception is that ideation means producing one polished drawing. It requires a , communicated through annotated sketches or models before a justified selection.
