To conduct a SWOT analysis, examine the product’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, supporting each point with evidence. Strengths and weaknesses concern the product’s current characteristics, while opportunities and threats arise from its external context.
The SWOT Method
Begin by identifying the product, its intended user, and its purpose. Use research such as user feedback, performance testing, material analysis, competitor comparisons, and market trends rather than relying on unsupported opinions.
| SWOT category | What to examine | Product example |
|---|---|---|
| Strengths | Internal features that give the product an advantage | A reusable bottle is durable, leak-resistant, and easy to clean. |
| Weaknesses | Internal limitations or design faults | The bottle is heavy and does not fit standard cup holders. |
| Opportunities | External developments that could improve demand or performance | Growing concern about single-use plastics could increase demand. |
| Threats | External factors that could reduce the product’s success | Cheaper competitors or new safety regulations could affect sales. |
After listing the factors, explain their significance. For example, do not simply state that a product is “expensive.” Explain that its high manufacturing cost may increase the retail price, reducing accessibility for the target market.
Then use the analysis to propose justified design improvements. A weakness such as poor grip could lead to adding a textured elastomer surface, while an opportunity involving sustainable consumption could support using recycled or recyclable materials.
A common misconception is that all four categories describe the product itself. Opportunities and threats are external: they may include technological developments, social trends, legislation, competitors, or changing user expectations.
Exam Technique
For IB Design Technology subtopic C3.1 Product analysis and evaluation, an examiner expects specific, evidence-based points linked to users, function, materials, manufacture, sustainability, or the market. Apply the SWOT analysis to reach a design judgment; do not present four disconnected lists without explaining their implications.