Transport infrastructure is a key factor shaping global connectivity and is a major focus in IB Geography, particularly within the Power, Places and Networks unit. Transport infrastructure includes roads, railways, ports, airports, and shipping routes that enable the movement of people, goods, and resources between places. The quality and accessibility of transport networks strongly influence how connected a place is to the global system.
One of the most important impacts of transport infrastructure is on trade. Efficient ports, airports, and rail networks reduce transport costs and delivery times, making trade more competitive. Countries with well-developed transport systems are better able to export goods and attract imports, strengthening their position in global markets. Major ports and logistics hubs often become centres of economic activity, supporting employment and investment.
Transport infrastructure also affects the movement of people. Airports and high-speed rail systems allow rapid international travel for business, tourism, education, and migration. Well-connected cities attract skilled workers, tourists, and multinational companies, increasing their global influence. In contrast, poor transport connectivity can isolate regions and limit opportunities for development.
In IB Geography, transport infrastructure is closely linked to uneven development. High-income countries tend to have advanced, well-maintained transport networks that support global connectivity. Many low-income countries lack reliable roads, railways, and ports, increasing transport costs and reducing access to global markets. This infrastructure gap reinforces global inequalities and limits economic growth in less connected regions.
Transport networks also shape global power relationships. Countries that control major shipping routes, canals, or aviation hubs hold strategic advantages. Control over key transport corridors allows countries to influence trade flows and global supply chains. Disruptions to transport infrastructure, whether through conflict, natural disasters, or political decisions, can have global economic consequences.
Environmental impacts are another important consideration. Expanding transport infrastructure increases connectivity but can also raise carbon emissions and environmental damage. Air travel, shipping, and road transport contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In IB Geography, students are expected to evaluate the trade-offs between improved connectivity and environmental sustainability.
Overall, transport infrastructure is essential for global connectivity. It enables trade, migration, economic development, and political influence. However, access to effective transport networks is uneven, reinforcing global inequalities and creating environmental challenges.
RevisionDojo helps IB Geography students understand the role of transport infrastructure clearly by linking connectivity, development, and power to exam-style explanations and evaluation.
