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Arabic A Lit
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Biology
Business Management
Chemistry
Chinese A Lang & Lit
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Computer Science (CS)
Computer Science (First Exam 2027)

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Design Technology (First Exam 2027)
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Economics
English A Lang & Lit
English A Lit
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Environmental systems and societies (ESS)
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French A Lit
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Geography
German A
German A Lit
German ab initio
German B
Global Politics
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History (First Exam 2028)
Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA)
Mathematics Applications & Interpretation (AI)

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Physics
Psychology
Psychology (First Exam 2027)
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Spanish A Lit
Spanish ab initio
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Environmental systems and societies (ESS) Student Questions - Page 3 | RevisionDojo

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Environmental systems and societies (ESS)

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

Why Is the Number of Trophic Levels in an Ecosystem Limited?

Learn why energy losses between trophic levels restrict food-chain length, with precise IB ESS terminology, level guidance, and exam technique.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What's the Difference Between a Photoautotroph and a Chemoautotroph?

Compare photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs in IB ESS HL, including their energy sources, carbon source, ecosystem roles, examples, and exam terms.

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Environmental systems and societies (ESS)

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Student Questions

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

How Do You Construct and Interpret an Ecological Pyramid (Numbers; Biomass; Energy)?

Learn how to construct and interpret pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy for IB ESS, including units, inverted shapes, and exam pitfalls.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What's the Difference Between an Autotroph and a Heterotroph?

Learn how autotrophs produce organic carbon compounds while heterotrophs obtain them from other organisms in IB ESS subtopic 2.2 exam questions.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What Is Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)?

Learn how maximum sustainable yield links harvests to net productivity, why estimates are uncertain, and how to explain MSY in IB ESS HL exam questions.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What's the Difference Between Primary Productivity and Secondary Productivity?

Learn how primary and secondary productivity differ in IB ESS, including energy sources, trophic levels, biomass production, and exam terminology.

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

What Is Ecological Efficiency and How Do You Calculate It?

Learn the HL ESS definition of ecological efficiency, apply the formula with a worked energy-transfer example, and avoid the fixed 10% misconception.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Is Carbon Sequestration?

Learn how carbon sequestration captures and stores carbon dioxide, how natural and technological methods work, and how to explain them in IB ESS exams.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Are the Main Stores and Flows in the Carbon Cycle?

Learn the main carbon stores and flows in the IB ESS carbon cycle, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and ocean exchange.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Causes Ocean Acidification?

Learn how atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, lowers pH and reduces carbonate ions, with precise IB ESS exam terminology and impacts.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

How Does the Ocean Absorb and Release Carbon Dioxide?

Learn how oceans absorb carbon dioxide by dissolution, release it through outgassing, and influence the carbon cycle, climate, and acidification in IB ESS.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

How Is Methane Produced and How Long Does It Stay in the Atmosphere?

Learn how methane forms under anaerobic conditions, its natural and human sources, and why its atmospheric residence time is about 10 years in IB ESS.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

How Do Coral Reefs and Molluscs Store Carbon as Calcium Carbonate?

Learn how corals and molluscs convert dissolved inorganic carbon into calcium carbonate structures that can form long-term marine carbon stores.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Are the Main Stores and Flows in the Nitrogen Cycle?

Learn the main nitrogen stores and flows, including fixation, nitrification, uptake, ammonification and denitrification, for IB ESS HL exams.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Role Do Bacteria Play in Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification?

Learn how bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds and return nitrates to the atmosphere through denitrification in IB ESS.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

How Have Human Activities Disrupted the Nitrogen Cycle (Fertilizer Runoff)?

Learn how fertilizer production and runoff disrupt the nitrogen cycle, causing eutrophication, hypoxia, biodiversity loss, and social impacts.

2.4 Climate and biomes

What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?

Learn the precise IB ESS difference between weather and climate, how timescale and patterns distinguish them, and how to answer exam questions accurately.

2.4 Climate and biomes

How Does the Tricellular Model Explain Global Atmospheric Circulation?

Learn how Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells redistribute heat, create prevailing winds and explain global climate patterns in IB ESS Topic 2.4.

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

What Is the Haber Process and Why Is It Important for Agriculture?

Learn how the Haber process produces ammonia for synthetic fertilizers and why it affects food security, eutrophication, and the nitrogen cycle.

2.4 Climate and biomes

What Is a Biome and What Determines Its Distribution?

Learn how IB ESS defines a biome and how climate, latitude, altitude, soils and human activity determine global biome distribution patterns for exams.

2.4 Climate and biomes

How Do Ocean Currents Distribute Heat Around the Globe?

Learn how surface and deep ocean currents redistribute solar energy, moderate regional climates, and connect to IB ESS climate and biome questions.

2.4 Climate and biomes

What Is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle?

Learn how the HL-only ENSO cycle produces El Niño and La Niña through changes in Pacific winds, sea temperatures, upwelling and rainfall.

2.5 Zonation, succession and change in ecosystems

What Is Zonation and How Do You Measure It Using a Transect?

Learn how zonation is measured using line and belt transects, quadrats, abiotic data and systematic sampling for IB ESS SL and HL exam preparation and practice.

2.4 Climate and biomes

How Is Global Warming Shifting Biome Distributions?

Learn how global warming shifts biome distributions through changing temperature, precipitation, species ranges, feedback loops, and human land use.

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