Movement analysis is used in coaching to improve technique, efficiency and performance, while in rehabilitation it is used to identify movement limitations, monitor recovery and reduce the risk of reinjury. In both contexts, movement is observed, measured and compared with an appropriate technical or functional model.
How Movement Analysis Works
The practitioner first divides a movement into phases, such as preparation, execution and follow-through. They then collect information through direct observation, video recordings, motion-analysis software or measurements from force plates and wearable sensors.
Qualitative analysis uses non-numerical observations, such as identifying poor posture during a squat. Quantitative analysis uses numerical data, such as joint angles, movement velocity, force or stride length.
Two branches of biomechanics may be applied:
- Kinematics describes motion, including displacement, velocity, acceleration and joint angles.
- Kinetics examines the forces that cause or affect motion, including ground reaction force, muscular force and torque.
The collected evidence is compared with the performer’s previous movement, a technically proficient model or a rehabilitation target. The practitioner then identifies errors or limitations and selects an intervention.
| Application | How movement analysis is used | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Coaching | Identifies technical strengths and weaknesses, supports feedback and evaluates whether practice has improved performance | Video analysis reveals that a sprinter overstrides during acceleration, so the coach adjusts drills and feedback |
| Rehabilitation | Assesses range of motion, stability, gait, asymmetry and compensatory movement | Gait analysis shows reduced loading on an injured leg, so the rehabilitation programme targets strength and confidence |
| Injury prevention | Detects movement patterns that may increase injury risk | Knee valgus during landing leads to neuromuscular and landing-technique training |
A common misconception is that movement analysis only involves watching video. Video is one method, but effective analysis may combine observation with objective biomechanical measurements and repeated testing.
Exam Technique
For syllabus point B.2.3 Movement analysis and its applications, distinguish clearly between coaching and rehabilitation. If asked to analyse, explain the process from data collection to comparison, intervention and reassessment rather than merely listing technologies.
