Writing a Commentary for IB English A: Step-by-Step Guide | Language & Literature Paper 1

Step 3: Develop a Clear Thesis

A commentary needs a strong, interpretive thesis statement. This is your main argument — your explanation of what the text is about and how it achieves its purpose.

Example Thesis:
“In her speech, Adichie employs personal anecdotes, inclusive language, and irony to challenge Western stereotypes about Africa, inviting empathy and critical reflection.”

Your thesis should summarize tone, technique, and purpose — the three anchors of Paper 1 success.

Step 4: Structure Your Commentary Logically

Use a clear, comparative or linear structure. Most students prefer PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) paragraphs:

• Introduction: Identify the text, audience, and purpose. End with your thesis.
• Body Paragraph 1: Analyze tone and diction.
• Body Paragraph 2: Examine structure and imagery.
• Body Paragraph 3: Evaluate style, syntax, or sound.
• Conclusion: Reinforce how stylistic choices shape meaning and reader response.

Tip: Integrate analysis smoothly — avoid listing devices. Instead of “There is repetition,” write, “The repetition of ‘freedom’ reinforces the speaker’s urgency and moral conviction.”

Step 5: Integrate Context and Audience Awareness

Even in Paper 1, context can be inferred from language and form. Ask:

• What values, assumptions, or beliefs shape this text?
• How does the text appeal to its audience emotionally or intellectually?
• What effect would it have in its cultural or historical setting?

Examiners reward essays that show awareness of purpose and audience positioning — a key part of Criterion A (Understanding and Interpretation).

Step 6: Conclude with Insight

Your conclusion should not simply restate your thesis. Instead, highlight the overall significance of the writer’s craft:

• What universal idea or emotional truth does the text reveal?
• How effectively does the writer achieve their purpose?

Example:
“Through her restrained tone and vivid metaphors, Plath transforms personal pain into collective experience, demonstrating the power of art to confront trauma.”

Paper 1 Commentary Tips for Success

• Use topic sentences that guide your reader clearly.
• Quote short, relevant phrases — avoid long passages.
• Link every device to effect and meaning.
• Maintain a formal, analytical tone throughout.
• Manage your time: 10 minutes reading, 70 minutes writing, 5 minutes revising.

Why Writing a Strong Commentary Matters

A strong commentary shows IB examiners that you can:

• Analyze both literary and non-literary texts in depth.
• Communicate an argument supported by evidence.
• Write with precision, structure, and interpretive skill.

Through RevisionDojo’s IB English Language & Literature course, students can access Paper 1 essay templates, annotated exemplars, and examiner-marked breakdowns to build confidence and achieve higher marks.

FAQs

What is a commentary in IB English A?
A structured analytical essay on an unseen text that explores how language and style create meaning.

How should I structure a Paper 1 commentary?
Use an introduction with a thesis, three focused body paragraphs, and a concise conclusion.

How do I score well in Paper 1?
Develop a clear thesis, analyze authorial choices, and link every technique to meaning and purpose.

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