What Is a Commentary in IB English A?
In IB English A: Language & Literature, a commentary is your analytical essay on unseen texts for Paper 1. You must interpret how the writer uses language, structure, and style to communicate meaning, tone, and purpose.
Writing a commentary is about showing how and why the text works — not summarizing what it says. The goal is to demonstrate understanding of authorial choices and their impact on the reader.
Step 1: Read and Annotate the Text Carefully
Spend the first 10–15 minutes reading the text multiple times. Look for patterns and features that stand out:
- Diction and tone: What emotional attitude is conveyed?
- Structure: How is the text organized (chronological, circular, contrast-based)?
- Imagery and figurative language: Are there metaphors, symbols, or motifs?
- Audience and purpose: Who is being addressed, and why?
Mark phrases that show stylistic or rhetorical importance — these will become your evidence later.
Step 2: Identify the Text Type and Purpose
Recognize what kind of text you’re analyzing:
- Literary (extract, poem, short story)
- Non-literary (speech, article, advertisement, editorial)
Each text type has its own conventions.
- Speeches emphasize persuasion and emotion.
- Articles rely on tone and structure to inform or argue.
- Poetry often uses imagery, rhythm, and sound to evoke emotion.
Tip: Your commentary must analyze how form supports function. For instance, “The speech’s repetition and inclusive pronouns (‘we,’ ‘our’) foster a sense of collective urgency.”
Step 3: Develop a Clear Thesis
A commentary needs a strong, interpretive thesis statement. This is your main argument — your explanation of what the text is about and how it achieves its purpose.
Example Thesis:
“In her speech, Adichie employs personal anecdotes, inclusive language, and irony to challenge Western stereotypes about Africa, inviting empathy and critical reflection.”
Your thesis should summarize tone, technique, and purpose — the three anchors of Paper 1 success.
Step 4: Structure Your Commentary Logically
Use a clear, comparative or linear structure. Most students prefer PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) paragraphs:
- Introduction: Identify the text, audience, and purpose. End with your thesis.
- Body Paragraph 1: Analyze tone and diction.
- Body Paragraph 2: Examine structure and imagery.
- Body Paragraph 3: Evaluate style, syntax, or sound.
- Conclusion: Reinforce how stylistic choices shape meaning and reader response.
Tip: Integrate analysis smoothly — avoid listing devices. Instead of “There is repetition,” write, “The repetition of ‘freedom’ reinforces the speaker’s urgency and moral conviction.”
Step 5: Integrate Context and Audience Awareness
Even in Paper 1, context can be inferred from language and form. Ask:
- What values, assumptions, or beliefs shape this text?
- How does the text appeal to its audience emotionally or intellectually?
- What effect would it have in its cultural or historical setting?
Examiners reward essays that show awareness of purpose and audience positioning — a key part of Criterion A (Understanding and Interpretation).
Step 6: Conclude with Insight
Your conclusion should not simply restate your thesis. Instead, highlight the overall significance of the writer’s craft:
- What universal idea or emotional truth does the text reveal?
- How effectively does the writer achieve their purpose?
Example:
“Through her restrained tone and vivid metaphors, Plath transforms personal pain into collective experience, demonstrating the power of art to confront trauma.”
Paper 1 Commentary Tips for Success
- Use topic sentences that guide your reader clearly.
- Quote short, relevant phrases — avoid long passages.
- Link every device to effect and meaning.
- Maintain a formal, analytical tone throughout.
- Manage your time: 10 minutes reading, 70 minutes writing, 5 minutes revising.
Why Writing a Strong Commentary Matters
A strong commentary shows IB examiners that you can:
- Analyze both literary and non-literary texts in depth.
- Communicate an argument supported by evidence.
- Write with precision, structure, and interpretive skill.
Through RevisionDojo’s IB English Language & Literature course, students can access Paper 1 essay templates, annotated exemplars, and examiner-marked breakdowns to build confidence and achieve higher marks.
FAQs
What is a commentary in IB English A?
A structured analytical essay on an unseen text that explores how language and style create meaning.
How should I structure a Paper 1 commentary?
Use an introduction with a thesis, three focused body paragraphs, and a concise conclusion.
How do I score well in Paper 1?
Develop a clear thesis, analyze authorial choices, and link every technique to meaning and purpose.
