Writing a strong comparative essay for IB English A Literature Paper 2 is one of the most strategic tasks in the entire course. Unlike Paper 1, which emphasizes close reading of an unseen text, Paper 2 requires you to compare two works you have studied in depth. The goal is to craft a focused, well-supported argument that examines how both authors use literary techniques to explore similar ideas. When done effectively, comparative writing demonstrates critical thinking, precise analysis, and a strong command of literary interpretation.

Why Comparative Skills Matter

Paper 2 is not about summarizing or retelling the texts. Instead, it is an opportunity to examine how two writers approach themes, characters, conflicts, and structures in distinct yet comparable ways. By analyzing the relationship between the two works, you show examiners your ability to think deeply, evaluate authorial choices, and build a sustained argument. Mastering comparative writing also makes you more confident when developing your own interpretations, both in the exam and in classroom assignments.

Quick Start Checklist

• Choose texts that naturally connect to the prompt.
• Build your essay around 2–3 strong comparative angles.
• Use authorial choices as your main evidence.
• Structure each paragraph with clear comparative focus.
• Maintain a balanced discussion of both texts.

Step 1: Choosing the Right Texts

The first and most important decision is selecting which two works to write about. Choose the pair that best fits the prompt and offers meaningful comparisons. You should look for texts that share thematic concerns, stylistic features, or structural similarities. If one text supports the prompt but the other does not, the comparison will feel forced. Strong comparative essays begin with strong text selection.

Step 2: Planning Your Comparative Angles

A comparative essay is only as strong as its main ideas. Before writing, identify two or three comparative angles that align with the prompt. These might include:

• how each writer uses characterization
• structural parallels or contrasts
• different tones or narrative voices
• the treatment of themes such as identity or conflict
• symbolic patterns or repeated motifs

Avoid long lists. Depth matters more than quantity. Each comparative angle must relate directly to the question and highlight authorial craft.

Step 3: Crafting a Clear Thesis

Your thesis should make an explicit comparative claim. Rather than simply stating that both texts explore a theme, explain how they explore it differently or similarly. An effective thesis might emphasize tone, technique, structure, or perspective. A clear thesis keeps your essay focused and signals to the examiner that your comparisons will be purposeful.

Step 4: Structuring Your Paragraphs

The strongest comparative essays avoid the “block structure,” where one text is analyzed fully before switching to the other. Instead, integrate both texts throughout each paragraph. Begin with a comparative point, introduce evidence from both texts, and analyze how each author approaches the same idea. This structure creates unity and shows your ability to think relationally.

Each paragraph should include:

• a strong comparative topic sentence
• evidence from both texts
• analysis of authorial choices
• discussion of similarities or differences
• a link to the essay’s thesis

This structure allows you to explore both works in depth without drifting into summary.

Step 5: Using Evidence Effectively

Because Paper 2 is written from memory, you do not need long quotations. Instead, focus on short, vivid phrases or distinctive techniques you can recall accurately. Make sure your evidence highlights literary craft—diction, imagery, structure, tone—rather than plot details. Commentary should explain how each writer’s choices relate to the comparative angle of the paragraph.

Step 6: Maintaining Balance

A common mistake is giving one text more attention than the other. Your essay should feel balanced, with both works receiving equal analytical weight. Balanced comparison demonstrates fairness, precision, and control. If one text dominates, revise your plan to ensure the other text contributes meaningfully to each point.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many comparative angles do I need?

Two or three strong angles are ideal. Fewer leads to vague discussion; too many leads to superficial analysis. Focus on depth.

What if I forget an important quotation?

Use descriptive evidence. You can identify techniques and paraphrase key ideas without quoting directly. Do not invent quotations.

Should I include context in Paper 2?

Yes, but only when context clarifies an author’s choice. Keep contextual details brief and always link them back to your argument.

Conclusion

A high-scoring comparative essay in IB English A Literature requires clear planning, strong textual knowledge, and an analytical mindset. By choosing appropriate texts, crafting a focused thesis, using purposeful evidence, and maintaining balance, you can create an essay that is insightful, cohesive, and fully aligned with IB expectations. With consistent practice, the comparative method becomes one of your most versatile skills for both the exam and your broader literary study.