The map shows global typhoon (hurricane / tropical cyclone) pattern tracks.
Identify one region where tropical cyclones frequently occur.
[1]The western Pacific Ocean near Southeast Asia (e.g., the Philippines, Japan)
State the general direction in which most tropical cyclones move in the Northern Hemisphere.
[1]From east to west
Outline one reason why tropical cyclones do not form near the equator
[2]The Coriolis force is too weak at the equator to create the rotation needed for cyclone formation.
As a result, cyclones typically form at least 5° away from the equator where the Coriolis effect is stronger.
Award
Outline the distribution and tracks of typhoons affecting mainland Asia.
[4]Distribution
- Most of southern mainland Asia experiences typhoons
- Eastern section has typhoons which are formed a long way away
- East coast affected but not at higher latitudes
- In the western Pacific Ocean / Bay of Bengal / Arabian Sea
Tracks
- Longer tracks move westwards and curve away from the Equator
- Shorter tracks move north and are straighter
NoteAward
Explain two geographical consequences of a recent human-induced hazards.
[6]Award
For example: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 had a devastating environmental impact on marine life and food chains in the Gulf
Other consequences (depending on the hazard event) might include:
- destruction of buildings
- loss of farmland due to contamination
- loss of incomes
- social effects such as injuries, loss of life, and health issues.
Award marks as
With reference to one or more named examples, examine the relative importance of short and long-term disaster responses.
[10]Short-term responses take place over a few hours, days and weeks, and might involve: search and rescue; provision of essential medical care; provision of emergency food and water supplies; combating the threat of disease; establishing communications to the outside world; alerting relief agencies.
Long-term responses go on for months and years after a disaster, and might include: provision of long-term shelter, rebuilding destroyed houses, schools, hospitals etc, re-establishing communications; re-establishing the local economy; undertaking protective measures and educating the local community in case of a future disaster; establishing monitoring stations to warn/help predict of a future hazard.
| Marks | Overall Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. |
| 1-2 | • Response is too brief, lists unconnected information, not focused on question and lacks structure • Very brief or descriptive, listing unconnected comments or irrelevant information • Very general knowledge with large gaps or errors • Examples/case studies absent or only listed • No evidence of analysis • Terminology missing, undefined, irrelevant or incorrect • No evaluation or conclusion expected • Information not grouped logically • Maps/graphs/diagrams absent, irrelevant or unclear |
| 3-4 | • Response is too general, lacks detail, not focused on question and largely unstructured • Very general response • Outlines relevant and irrelevant examples, statistics, facts • Links to question merely listed • Analysis not relevant • Basic terminology used with errors or inconsistently • Irrelevant conclusion • No critical evaluation of evidence • Information not logically grouped • Maps/graphs lack detail or incorrectly interpreted |
| 5-6 | • Response partially addresses question, with narrow argument, unsubstantiated conclusion, and limited evaluation • Describes relevant supporting evidence • Outlines appropriate links to question • Partially addresses question or repeats one point • Relevant terminology used with minor errors • General conclusions, misaligned with evidence • Other perspectives/strengths/weaknesses listed • Some logical grouping but inconsistent • Maps/graphs don't follow conventions |
| 7-8 | • Response addresses whole question, evaluated analysis and relevant but unbalanced conclusion • Describes correct relevant evidence covering all main points • Describes appropriate links • Clear but one-sided analysis • Complex terminology correct but inconsistent • Relevant but unbalanced conclusion • Other perspectives described • Consistent logical grouping • Maps/graphs support analysis |
| 9-10 | • Response is in-depth and question-specific; justified analysis and conclusion through well-developed evaluation • Explains integrated examples, statistics, details • Explains appropriate links • Balanced analysis discussing complexity • Complex terminology used correctly throughout • Balanced conclusion aligned with evidence • Systematic evaluation of perspectives • Discusses strengths/weaknesses • Logically structured • Maps/graphs properly annotated and support argument |
