MYP MYP Individuals & Societies Key Definitions

The ability of individuals or institutions to adjust to potential damage, take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences, often through learning, planning, and access to resources.

The organized institutions, roles, procedures, and networks used by a state or empire to govern, manage resources, enforce laws, and coordinate activity across its territory.

A population in which the average age is rising and a large proportion of people are in older age groups, usually because of low birth rates and higher life expectancy.

Total demand for goods and services in an economy from households, firms, government, and foreign buyers.

The total amount of output firms are willing and able to produce at different price levels, given costs and productivity.

Outdoor air pollution caused by substances such as particulate matter and gases released from activities like transport, industry, and power generation.

A Roman imperial system for securing and transporting grain to supply the city of Rome, involving state coordination and contracts with merchants.

A government policy designed to reduce birth rates (for example, through access to contraception, later marriage, or limits on family size).

Technology designed to match the local context, including affordability, available skills, maintenance needs, and existing infrastructure.

A person who has left their home country and is seeking legal protection (asylum) in another country.

The number of live births per 1000 people per year.

An economic system in which individuals or firms own capital and employ labour to produce goods and services for sale, with investment and profit playing central roles.

A method of organizing an economy in which a central authority sets production goals and coordinates the allocation of resources.

A system that sets environmental standards for a product or industry and verifies compliance, often allowing producers to use an eco-label to signal sustainability to consumers.

A sustained, large-scale armed conflict between organized groups within the same state or political unit, competing for control of government, territory, or political order.

A sustained armed conflict within one political entity, in which organized groups compete for control of the state, territory, or the rules of government.

An economic system where key production and allocation decisions are mainly made by the government through planning and direction.

Large and unpredictable changes in the price of primary goods (such as oil, metals, or crops) over time.

A trade bloc that includes free trade among members, a common external trade policy, and free movement of goods, services, and people (and often capital) across borders.

Planned actions that protect, restore, and manage natural environments and biodiversity to ensure ecosystems can function over the long term.

The abuse of public power for private gain, such as bribery, embezzlement, or favouritism.

A sharp reduction in the availability of credit (loans), often caused by weakened banks and increased fear of default.

A set of shared ideas and values, shaped by culture and social experience, that guides how individuals interpret the world and decide how to act.

Shared ideas, beliefs, values, customs, and ways of life.