MYP MYP History

Activism is the action of individuals or groups working to create social, political, economic, or environmental change. It involves raising awareness, challenging injustice, and pressuring governments or institutions through methods such as protests, campaigns, and public advocacy.

A society where most people live in rural areas and rely on farming for food and income.

Aid is the transfer of money, goods, or expertise from one country or organisation to another in order to support development, emergency relief, or long-term growth. It can be given as Bilateral aid: one country directly supporting another. It can also be Multilateral aid: aid channelled through international organisations (e.g., UN, World Bank).

A person who has left their home country and is seeking protection (asylum) in another country.

Civil rights are the rights that protect individuals from discrimination and ensure equal treatment and full participation in society, especially in areas such as voting, education, employment, and access to public services.

The difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they actually pay at the market price.

A counterculture is a social movement or group that actively rejects and challenges the dominant cultural norms, values, institutions, or lifestyle of mainstream society. Countercultures promote alternative beliefs, behaviors, and identities as a form of resistance or transformation.

Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from imperial powers and become self-governing nations. It usually happens through political negotiations, nationalist movements, resistance or armed struggle and the decline of European empires after WWII.

Demographic change refers to shifts in the characteristics of a population over time, such as size, age structure, birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.

A disruptor is a person, idea, or organisation that significantly changes or challenges existing systems, often by introducing new ways of doing things that make old methods less effective or obsolete. Disruptors push boundaries, break established patterns, and drive rapid transformation in industries or society.

An economy is the system a country or region uses to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. In simple terms: how money, jobs, businesses, and resources work together.

A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another.

A large political unit in which one central power (a ruler, government, or state) controls many different peoples and territories, often through conquest or expansion.

A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific population, community, or region.

Equality means that all people are treated with fairness, have equal rights, and have equal opportunities to participate in society, regardless of their background, identity, or circumstances.

An ethical choice is a decision guided by moral principles. It means choosing the option that is right, fair, and responsible, even if it is not the easiest or most beneficial for you.

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, personal responsibility, and the search for meaning in a world that has no inherent purpose. It argues that people must create their own values and identity through their choices and actions.

External pressure is a challenge or force that comes from outside an empire’s borders and affects its stability, power, or ability to survive. These pressures are not created by the empire itself but still influence its economy, military strength, leadership decisions, and relationships with other states.

A positive or negative impact on someone outside the transaction between buyers and sellers. If an externality exists, the market outcome may be inefficient because private costs and benefits do not match social costs and benefits.

Genocide is the intentional and systematic destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. This can include killing members of the group, causing serious physical or mental harm, creating conditions that make survival impossible, preventing births, or forcibly transferring children to another group.

Globalization is the process by which the world becomes increasingly connected through the movement of goods, people, ideas, technology, and cultures across national borders. It creates a world where events in one place can quickly affect people in another.

A healthcare system is the organized network of people, institutions, resources, and policies that deliver health services to a population. Its purpose is to promote health, prevent disease, diagnose and treat illness, and improve quality of life.

Humanism is an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasizes the value, dignity, and potential of human beings. It focuses on human reason, creativity, and achievements rather than divine or supernatural authority.

A humanitarian crisis is a situation where large numbers of people face serious threats to their life, health, safety, or basic well-being because of events such as conflict, natural disasters, disease outbreaks, or economic collapse.