MYP MYP Biology

A technique that uses living cells and biomaterials to build biological structures layer by layer.

Nonliving environmental conditions such as temperature, light, pH, and moisture.

The minimum amount of energy required for reactant molecules to start a chemical reaction.

The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.

Traits that improve an organism’s chances of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

Speciation caused by geographical separation.

A protein produced by B lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen to help neutralize it.

A molecule, usually a protein, that is recognised as foreign by the immune system and triggers an immune response.

A small molecule that stores and releases energy for cell processes.

Pollutants building up in an organism’s tissues over time.

Pollutant concentrations increase at higher trophic levels.

Living material that contains stored chemical energy.

A controlled system that supplies oxygen, nutrients, and conditions needed for living cells to survive and grow.

Interactions with living organisms, such as food availability, predators, competitors, and symbiotic partners.

The sequence of events that a cell goes through from one division to the next. Cells alternate between growing (interphase) and dividing.

The process by which one cell splits into two daughter cells. This is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that surrounds all cells, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

A rigid structural layer composed primarily of cellulose (in plants) that surrounds the cell membrane, providing mechanical support and protection.

A chemical process that releases energy from glucose.

The force that holds atoms together in molecules.

Energy stored inside the bonds of molecules such as glucose. Organisms release this energy during respiration.

A process in which atoms in molecules are rearranged to form new substances with different properties.

Double-membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and algae containing chlorophyll, which are the site of photosynthesis.

The process of producing genetically identical copies of a cell or organism using natural or artificial methods.