Every device on a network needs a way to send and receive data. In IB Computer Science, this role is performed by the Network Interface Card (NIC). While routers and switches often get more attention, networks cannot function without NICs.
IB exam questions expect students to explain what a NIC is, what it does, and how it enables communication on a network, using correct technical terminology.
What Is a Network Interface Card?
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that allows a device to connect to a network.
It can be:
- Built into the motherboard
- Installed as an expansion card
- Integrated into devices like laptops, phones, or printers
Without a NIC, a device cannot participate in network communication.
The Main Role of a NIC
The primary function of a NIC is to:
- Send data to the network
- Receive data from the network
To do this, the NIC:
- Converts data from the computer into network signals
- Converts incoming network signals back into data the computer can use
This process allows the computer to communicate with other devices on the network.
MAC Addresses and Device Identification
Every NIC has a Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Key points about MAC addresses:
- They are unique identifiers
- They are assigned to the NIC
- They are used to identify devices on a local network
Switches use MAC addresses to:
