The AP U.S. History (APUSH) Long Essay Question (LEQ) is worth 15% of your total exam score — enough to make or break your final grade. While many students dread it, the LEQ is actually one of the most predictable parts of the exam. If you know the structure, rubric, and historical thinking skills the College Board looks for, you can consistently earn top marks.
This guide breaks down exactly how to approach the LEQ from reading the prompt to writing a strong conclusion, along with examples and tips.
APUSH LEQ Basics
- Time Limit: 40 minutes
- Weight: 15% of total exam score
- Prompt Types:
- Causation (cause & effect)
- Comparison (similarities & differences)
- Continuity and Change Over Time (CCOT)
APUSH LEQ Rubric (6 Points Total)
- Thesis/Claim (1 point)
- Make a clear, historically defensible claim that answers all parts of the question.
- Contextualization (1 point)
- Situate the argument in a broader historical context.
- Evidence (2 points)
- Provide specific examples supporting your argument.
- Analysis and Reasoning (2 points)
- Show historical complexity by explaining cause/effect, similarities/differences, or changes/continuities.
Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Perfect LEQ
Step 1: Read and Break Down the Prompt (5 minutes)
- Identify the time period.
- Determine if it’s causation, comparison, or CCOT.
- Note key terms and requirements.
Step 2: Write Your Thesis
- Directly answer the prompt.
- Include categories of argument.
- Example: "Between 1865 and 1900, the expansion of railroads transformed the U.S. economy by facilitating industrial growth, encouraging westward settlement, and intensifying conflicts with Native Americans."
Step 3: Contextualize
- Provide 2–3 sentences of background to set the stage.
Step 4: Organize Evidence into Body Paragraphs
- One paragraph per category in your thesis.
- Use at least two specific pieces of evidence per paragraph.
Step 5: Show Historical Reasoning
- Connect cause and effect.
- Explain change over time or comparison in detail.
Step 6: Write a Concise Conclusion
- Restate your argument.
- Tie back to the broader historical significance.
Pro Tips for APUSH LEQs
- Memorize key dates and events for each unit.
- Use specific terminology — don’t just say “laws,” name the legislation.
- Avoid generalizations without evidence.
- Practice timed writing — you have only 40 minutes.
FAQ – APUSH LEQ
1. How many paragraphs should my LEQ have?
Typically 4–5: intro, 2–3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
2. Can I get points if my thesis is in the conclusion?
Yes, but it’s better to put it in the intro for clarity.
3. How much evidence is enough?
Aim for at least 6–8 pieces across your essay.
4. Do I have to address counterarguments?
Yes, showing complexity can boost your reasoning points.
5. What’s the biggest mistake students make?
Writing a general essay without tying points back to the prompt.
6. Should I outline before writing?
Yes — spending 5 minutes planning can save time later.
7. Are quotes from primary sources required?
No, but referencing them can strengthen your argument.
8. Can I bullet point my evidence?
No, all evidence must be integrated into full sentences.
Turn APUSH Essay Skills Into College Success
Writing strong LEQs prepares you for college-level history and research writing.
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