What Is an FOA in the IB Language & Literature Course?
The FOA, or Further Oral Activity, is an internal assessment component of the IB Language and Literature SL/HL course (pre-2021 syllabus). In updated syllabi, the FOA is replaced by the Individual Oral (IO). However, many students still refer to creative oral presentations as FOAs when preparing for individual or formative assessments.
An FOA is your chance to:
- Present your understanding of a global issue, language feature, or media influence
- Use a creative or analytical format like a speech, interview, podcast, TED Talk, or dramatic monologue
- Analyze texts studied in class through the lens of audience, purpose, language, and context
It’s assessed based on content, language, organization, and presentation style.
Choosing the Right FOA Topic
The success of your FOA starts with a focused, relevant topic. Consider:
- A text or media item you've studied in class (novel, article, ad, speech, etc.)
- A global issue, such as gender inequality, censorship, or identity
- A stylistic feature, such as persuasive language or tone
- Topics should be analytical, not just descriptive
Good FOA topics often explore how language shapes meaning or how media influences society.
Planning Your FOA Structure Strategically
A well-structured FOA should feel like a mini-essay with a voice. Your structure should include:
- A clear introduction that hooks the audience and explains your aim
- A body that supports your argument with examples and analysis
- A conclusion that reflects on your purpose and insights
Logical flow is key. Think: what do I want my audience to understand, and in what order should I deliver that?
Suggested FOA Structure for IB Success
Here’s a strong template to follow for a 10-minute FOA:
1. Introduction (2–3 minutes)
- Open with a question, quote, or startling fact
- Provide context for the text and issue
- State your thesis or main goal
- Preview your structure
2. Body (5–6 minutes)
- Divide into 2–3 key arguments or sections
- Use examples from the text/media
- Analyze techniques (tone, diction, imagery, structure)
- Make clear connections to the audience and purpose
3. Conclusion (1–2 minutes)
- Summarize main points briefly
- Reconnect with your opening hook or thesis
- End with a thought-provoking statement or reflection
FOA Introduction: How to Start Strong
A strong start grabs attention and builds credibility. Include:
- A hook: a quote, question, or real-world example
- Brief background on the text or issue
- A clear purpose: what are you analyzing or arguing?
- A roadmap of your main points
Remember, you're not just presenting information—you’re guiding your audience through an idea.
Building a Strong FOA Body Paragraph
Each body section should be focused and analytical. Structure it like this:
- Main Point: State the technique or idea being discussed
- Example: Quote or reference from the text
- Analysis: How does this example support your point?
- Connection: Tie it back to your thesis and real-world relevance
Use clear transitions between sections to maintain flow.
Effective FOA Conclusion Techniques
The ending of your FOA is your last chance to make an impression. Make it memorable by:
- Restating your thesis or purpose clearly
- Summarizing key takeaways
- Offering a reflection: what insights did you gain?
- Ending with a question or call-to-action that invites further thought
Tips for Delivering a Great FOA
Your structure is only as strong as your delivery. To shine:
- Practice speaking with confidence and variation in tone
- Use body language and eye contact to engage your audience
- Time yourself during practice to stay within the 10-minute limit
- Rehearse with peers or teachers for feedback
- If allowed, use visual aids (slides, props, handouts) to enhance clarity—not distract
Common Mistakes to Avoid in an FOA
- Being too broad or vague: Narrow your focus early on
- Reading a script word-for-word: Use bullet points or cue cards instead
- Lack of analysis: Explain how and why language matters
- Poor time management: Practice your pacing to ensure full coverage
- Disconnected points: Make sure all sections link to your thesis
FOA Examples and Inspiration
- A podcast-style discussion on gender roles in media
- A dramatic monologue from the perspective of a character
- A mock interview with a public figure, exploring language manipulation
- A mini-documentary analyzing political campaign ads
Don’t be afraid to get creative—just stay analytical and focused.
Conclusion: A Well-Structured FOA Can Boost Your IB Score
Structuring your FOA isn’t just about organizing ideas—it’s about making your message clear and compelling. Start with a focused thesis, support your points with textual evidence, and finish strong with a reflective conclusion. Combine strong planning with confident delivery, and you’ll be well on your way to scoring high in your IB FOA.
FAQs
How long should an FOA be?
Typically 8–10 minutes for SL and HL students, depending on your school’s guidelines.
Can I do a creative FOA format?
Yes! Podcasts, interviews, speeches, or skits are all accepted—just ensure they include analysis.
How do I cite sources in an FOA?
Orally mention authors and titles during your speech, and prepare a written outline with proper citations.
What’s the difference between FOA and IO?
The FOA is from the old syllabus; the IO is part of the new course format but maintains the oral analysis focus.
Do I need to use multiple texts?
Not always, but comparing two texts (especially in HL) can enrich your analysis.
Can I use visuals or slides in my FOA?
Yes, but keep them simple and relevant—don’t let visuals overshadow your oral analysis.
