Introduction: Why Imperialism Matters in AP World
Imperialism shaped the modern world. From European colonial expansion in Africa and Asia to the rise of U.S. and Japanese empires, imperialism transformed politics, economics, and societies between the 18th and 20th centuries.
For AP World History, imperialism is a core Unit 6 topic (1750–1900), but it also connects to earlier colonization (1450–1750) and to later decolonization movements (1900–present). Understanding its causes, methods, impacts, and resistance is crucial for essays, DBQs, and multiple-choice questions.
This guide reviews the big picture of imperialism and gives you strategies to score high on exam day with the help of RevisionDojo resources.
Step 1: Defining Imperialism
- Old Imperialism (1450–1750): Focused on trade, colonization in the Americas, mercantilism.
- New Imperialism (1750–1900): Driven by industry, nationalism, and competition. Expanded into Africa and Asia.
On the exam, you’ll mainly be tested on New Imperialism in the 19th century.
Step 2: Causes of New Imperialism
- Economic: Industrial Revolution created need for raw materials (cotton, rubber, coal) and new markets.
- Political: Nationalism + competition for prestige.
- Military: Stronger navies required overseas bases.
- Ideological: “White Man’s Burden,” Social Darwinism.
- Religious: Missionary work to spread Christianity.
Remember “EPMIR” (Economic, Political, Military, Ideological, Religious) as the five causes.
