The AP English Language and Composition exam — often called AP Lang — tests your ability to read, analyze, and write about nonfiction texts. It emphasizes argumentation, rhetorical analysis, and synthesis of information from multiple sources.
This guide covers:
- AP Lang exam structure
- How the test is scored
- Key skills and topics
- Study strategies for success
- Common mistakes to avoid
AP Lang Exam Structure
The AP Lang exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and divided into two main sections:
Section I – Multiple Choice
- 45 questions in 1 hour
- Worth 45% of the total score
- Based on nonfiction passages from a variety of time periods and topics
Section II – Free Response
- 3 essays in 2 hours and 15 minutes
- Worth 55% of the total score
- Includes:
- Synthesis Essay: Uses multiple sources to support an argument
- Rhetorical Analysis Essay: Analyzes the techniques an author uses in a passage
- Argument Essay: Presents and supports your own argument on a given issue
How the AP Lang Exam Is Scored
- Section I: 45% of total score
- Section II: 55% of total score
Essays are scored on a 0–6 rubric by trained readers, with points awarded for:
- Thesis/Claim
- Evidence and Commentary
- Sophistication of Thought
Your combined score is converted to the 1–5 AP scale.
Key Skills for AP Lang
- Rhetorical Analysis: Identifying and explaining rhetorical strategies like tone, diction, syntax, and appeals
- Argumentation: Building persuasive, evidence-based arguments
- Synthesis: Combining multiple sources into a cohesive argument
- Close Reading: Understanding the nuances of complex texts
- Style and Voice: Writing with clarity and sophistication
Study Strategies for AP Lang
- Read widely: Practice with a range of nonfiction texts, including speeches, essays, and articles.
- Analyze rhetorical choices: Always ask why the author made specific language or structural decisions.
- Practice timed essays: Get comfortable writing under exam conditions.
- Review rubrics: Understand exactly what earns points for each essay type.
- Incorporate evidence: Use specific and relevant examples in every essay.
Test-Day Tips for AP Lang
- Spend a few minutes planning each essay before writing.
- For synthesis essays, read and annotate all sources before forming your thesis.
- In rhetorical analysis, focus on both what the author does and why.
- Manage your time — roughly 40 minutes per essay.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Writing without a clear thesis statement
- Summarizing sources instead of analyzing them
- Using vague or irrelevant evidence
- Ignoring counterarguments in argument essays
Why AP Lang Is Worth Taking
AP Lang builds critical reading and writing skills useful in college and beyond. A high score can earn college credit for freshman-level English courses, and strong writing skills benefit all academic disciplines.
Related RevisionDojo Resources
- AP Lang Score Calculator
- AP Lang Essay Tips
- Hardest AP Classes Ranked
- AP Exam Test Strategies
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Is AP Lang harder than AP Lit?
A1: AP Lang focuses on nonfiction and rhetorical analysis, while AP Lit focuses on literature and literary analysis. Difficulty depends on your strengths.
Q2: How can I improve my rhetorical analysis essay?
A2: Practice identifying rhetorical strategies and explaining their effect on the audience.
Q3: Do I need to memorize rhetorical terms for AP Lang?
A3: Yes — knowing terms like ethos, pathos, logos, and anaphora will help you analyze texts effectively.
Q4: How much should I write for each essay?
A4: Aim for well-developed essays with multiple body paragraphs, but quality is more important than length.
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