1. Natural Sciences
The Natural Sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) emphasize empirical observation, experiments, falsifiable theories, and peer-reviewed reliability. To analyze scientific knowledge, explore how empirical evidence and uncertainty shape understanding using our Structuring for Success in IB TOK Essays guide.
2. Human Sciences
Human Sciences (psychology, sociology, economics) involve studying human behavior, often through experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis. These are influenced by cultural, ethical, and interpretative factors. Learn to weigh subjectivity versus generalizability using our Examples and Tips for Writing IB TOK Knowledge Questions resource.
3. History
History centers on constructing narratives from records, interpretations, and sources. It reveals the role of perspective, bias, and selection of evidence. Our How to Consider Implications in TOK Arguments and Conclusions guide helps you critically reflect on how historical narratives shape our understanding.
4. The Arts
The Arts (visual arts, music, literature, performance) explore emotional resonance, creativity, cultural expression, and interpretative meaning. Their knowledge is often subjective and multi-layered. Use the to present balanced claims about emotion or interpretation in artistic knowing.
