IB Geography G.4 Building Sustainable Urban Systems for the Future Questionbank

Identify one city shown in the $1$–$2\times$ WHO guideline category for PM2.5 (WHO guideline = $5\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$, so $\le 10\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$).

Outline one reason why PM2.5 levels may be higher in cities such as Cairo or Mumbai.

Explain two impacts of air pollution on urban populations and sustainability.

Discuss the causes and consequences of deteriorating air quality in urban areas in middle- and low-income countries.

Evaluate the extent to which urban air pollution challenges can be addressed through planning and policy strategies.

Identify one region where temperature anomalies were close to $0^\circ\text{C}$ (including negative anomalies).

Outline one reason why rising surface temperatures are a concern for urban environments.

Explain two challenges that climate warming poses for sustainable urban development.

Evaluate the extent to which climate change is increasing urban vulnerability and shaping long-term planning decisions.

Discuss how cities can adapt to rising temperatures through urban design and planning strategies.

Outline one reason why urban areas in Southeast Asia are especially vulnerable to flood events.

Explain two challenges that flooding poses to urban sustainability and resilience in rapidly developing cities.

Discuss how flood risk affects sustainable urban development in low- and middle-income countries.

Evaluate the effectiveness of flood management strategies in urban areas at different levels of development.

Outline one reason why urbanisation is projected to increase in countries such as India or Kenya.

Explain two consequences of urban growth for infrastructure or services in low- and middle-income countries.

Discuss the causes of increasing urbanisation in both high-income and low-income countries.

Evaluate the social and environmental implications of projected urban growth by 2050.