Practice IB Geography Topic G.2 Changing Urban Systems with authentic exam-style questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank focuses on the exact syllabus content for G.2 Changing Urban Systems and mirrors Paper 1, 2, 3 style where relevant.
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(a) two differences between local parks/open spaces and a country park.
(b) two reasons why city planners should include sufficient open space for urban residents.
(e) the causes and consequences of deteriorating air quality in urban areas in middle- and low-income countries.
(f) the extent to which urban air pollution challenges can be addressed through planning and policy strategies.
(e) the extent to which climate change is increasing urban vulnerability and shaping long-term planning decisions.
(f) how cities can adapt to rising temperatures through urban design and planning strategies.
(e) how flood risk affects sustainable urban development in low- and middle-income countries.
(f) the effectiveness of flood management strategies in urban areas at different levels of development.
(e) the causes of increasing urbanisation in both high-income and low-income countries.
(f) the social and environmental implications of projected urban growth by 2050.
The infographic shows the spatial variation in PM2.5 air pollution levels by city and exceeds WHO guidelines
Source: IQAir, World Health Organisation (WHO)
(c) one reason why PM2.5 levels may be higher in cities such as Cairo or Mumbai.
(d) two impacts of air pollution on urban populations and sustainability.
The map shows surface air temperature anomalies in 2024, relative to the 1991–2020 average.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF
(c) one reason why rising surface temperatures are a concern for urban environments.
(d) two challenges that climate warming poses for sustainable urban development.
The map shows global flood events by type (heavy rain, snowmelt/ice, tropical storm/surge, dam failure) and indicates the total population exposed, highlighting Southeast Asia as a high risk region.
Source: Mapbox/Viz by Bloomberg Green (Adapted)
(a) the country with the highest number of people exposed in a single flood event.
(b) the flood type that accounts for the greatest concentration of flood events globally.
(c) one reason why urban areas in Southeast Asia are especially vulnerable to flood events.
(d) two challenges that flooding poses to urban sustainability and resilience in rapidly developing cities.
The infographic shows the estimated share of the population living in urban areas in 1950, 2025, and 2050 for selected countries.
Source: United Nations (UN) Population Division
(a) one country where the urban population is projected to exceed 90% by 2050.
(b) one country where the urban population is projected to remain below 50% in 2050.
(c) one reason why urbanisation is projected to increase in countries such as India or Kenya.
(d) two consequences of urban growth for infrastructure or services in low- and middle-income countries.
(a) one city where PM2.5 air pollution exceeds .
(b) one city shown in the – WHO guideline category for PM2.5 (WHO guideline = , so ).
(a) one region where temperature anomalies were about or higher in 2024.
(b) one region where temperature anomalies were close to (including negative anomalies).
