Practice F.4 Future health and food security and sustainability with authentic IB Geography exam questions for both SL and HL students. This question bank mirrors Paper 1, 2, 3 structure, covering key topics like physical geography, human geography, and geospatial analysis. Get instant solutions, detailed explanations, and build exam confidence with questions in the style of IB examiners.
Paper
Level
Question 1
SL & HLPaper 1
The diagram shows the projected changes in the prevalence of undernourishment from 2020 to 2050 in different world regions. The y-axis represents the percentage of the population that is undernourished, and the x-axis represents the years from 2020 to 2050. The regions include Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America, and East Asia. Each region is represented by a different color line. Sub-Saharan Africa shows a slight decrease, South Asia shows a significant decrease, Latin America remains relatively stable, and East Asia shows a moderate decrease.
1.[6]
Explain two possible reasons for the significant decrease in undernourishment in South Asia.
2.[4]
Describe the trends in undernourishment from 2020 to 2050 for each of the regions shown in the diagram.
3.[10]
Discuss the potential challenges that Sub-Saharan Africa might face in achieving a significant reduction in undernourishment by 2050.
4.[10]
Evaluate the effectiveness of one policy intervention that could help reduce undernourishment in Latin America.
Question 2
SL & HLPaper 1
The graph shows the amount of global food aid in millions of tonnes, from 2000 to 2011.
1.[1]
Identify the year in which global food aid was greatest
2.[1]
State the year in which global aid given directly by a donor country was highest.
3.[2]
Describe the trends in food aid between 2000 and 2011.
4.[6]
Explain two possible disadvantages of food aid for a community that is currently experiencing food shortages.
5.[10]
“Prevention should always be prioritized over treatment.” Discuss this statement, with reference to specific diseases and communities.
Question 3
SL & HLPaper 1
The following description provides detailed information about the prevalence of obesity and undernourishment in different world regions from 2020 to 2050. This data is typically presented in a line graph format, with the y-axis representing the percentage of the population affected (ranging from 0% to 50%), and the x-axis representing the years from 2020 to 2050.
Four regions are represented in the data:
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North America: Shows a significant increase in obesity from about 35% of the population in 2020 to 45% in 2050. Undernourishment remains very low, close to 0% throughout the period.
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Sub-Saharan Africa: Exhibits a decrease in undernourishment from about 20% in 2020 to 10% in 2050. Simultaneously, there's a slight increase in obesity from approximately 5% to 10% over the same period.
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South Asia: Demonstrates a significant decrease in undernourishment from about 15% in 2020 to 5% in 2050. Obesity rates remain relatively stable at around 5% throughout the period.
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Europe: Shows a moderate increase in obesity from about 20% in 2020 to 30% in 2050. Undernourishment remains very low, close to 0% throughout the period.
These trends illustrate the changing patterns of nutrition challenges across different regions, highlighting the complex nature of global food security and health issues.
1.[4]
Describe the trends in obesity and undernourishment from 2020 to 2050 for each of the regions shown in the diagram.
2.[6]
Explain two possible reasons for the significant increase in obesity in North America.
3.[10]
Discuss the potential challenges that Sub-Saharan Africa might face in addressing both undernourishment and the rising trend in obesity by 2050.
4.[10]
Evaluate the effectiveness of one policy intervention that could help reduce undernourishment in South Asia.
Question 4
SL & HLPaper 1
The diagram shows the projected changes in global food production and population growth from 2020 to 2050. The y-axis represents the percentage change, and the x-axis represents the years from 2020 to 2050.
1.[1]
State the percentage change in global food production in the year 2035
2.[1]
Identify the percentage change difference between global food production and population growth in 2040
3.[2]
Describe the trends in global food production and population growth from 2020 to 2050 as shown in the diagram.
4.[6]
Explain two possible reasons for the slowdown in the rate of increase in global food production after 2040.
5.[10]
Evaluate the effectiveness of one technological and one policy intervention that could help address the projected mismatch between global food production and population growth.
Question 5
SL & HLPaper 1
The graph shows the density of doctors, nurses, and midwives in the 57 countries with critical health workforce shortage (HRH crisis countries)
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO)
1.[1]
Identify the country with the lowest density of doctors, nurses, and midwives in the graph.
2.[1]
Identify the critical density threshold per 1,000 population, as used in the graph.
3.[2]
Outline one reason why a low health workforce density can limit access to healthcare in these countries.
4.[6]
Explain two factors—economic, political, or geographical—that contribute to persistent healthcare workforce shortages in these countries.
5.[10]
"Strengthening the health workforce is the most critical step toward achieving universal health coverage."
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
6.[10]
Evaluate the impact of health worker shortages on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) in low-income countries.
Question 6
SL & HLPaper 1
The diagram shows the projected changes in global food production and population growth from 2020 to 2050. Projected Changes in Global Food Production and Population Growth from 2020 to 2050
1.[4]
Describe the trends in global food production and population growth from 2020 to 2050 as shown in the diagram.
2.[6]
Explain two possible reasons for the slowdown in the rate of increase in global food production after 2040.
3.[10]
Discuss the potential consequences of the mismatch between global food production and population growth for food security.
4.[10]
Evaluate the effectiveness of one technological and one policy intervention that could help address the projected mismatch between global food production and population growth.
Question 7
SL & HLPaper 1
The graph shows the estimated adult obesity prevalence (%) from 1975 to 2016 in six selected countries.
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO) - Global HEalth Observatory (2024)
1.[1]
Identify the country with the highest adult obesity rate in 2016.
2.[1]
Identify the country with the lowest adult obesity rate in 2016.
3.[2]
Outline one reason why obesity rates have increased in countries such as the United States and Australia.
4.[6]
Explain two possible social or economic impacts of rising obesity levels for countries at different levels of development.
5.[10]
Explain how changes in diet and physical activity are contributing to the rise in obesity in both high-income and middle-income countries.
6.[10]
Discuss strategies that can be used by governments and communities to reduce obesity rates.
Question 8
SL & HLPaper 1
The graph shows the per capita average daily intake of calories in selected countries as of 2014 (in kcal)
Source: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
1.[2]
Identify two countries in the graph where the average calorie intake is higher than the global average.
2.[2]
Outline one reason why the average calorie intake in countries such as Somalia or North Korea is low.
3.[6]
Explain two ways in which low calorie intake can affect the health and productivity of a population.
4.[10]
Describe two indicators that can be used to measure health.
5.[10]
Explain why food availability does not always mean food security.
Question 9
SL & HLPaper 1
1.
Define the health measure HALE and explain how it differs from life expectancy.
2.
Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of two other indices (other than HALE) used to measure the health of populations.
3.[10]
Discuss the connections between affluence and health.
Question 10
SL & HLPaper 1
The diagram shows the various stakeholders involved in the food supply chain and their interactions.
1.[4]
Identify and describe the role of two stakeholders in the food supply chain.
2.[6]
Explain how government agencies influence the food supply chain.
3.[10]
Discuss the potential conflicts between stakeholders in the food supply chain.