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    The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat.

    Question
    HLPaper 2

    The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat.

    Image

    1.

    Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.

    [3]
    Verified
    Solution

    a. platelets/cut tissues release clotting factors 1 mark b. «clotting factors» activate thrombin «from prothrombin» 1 mark c. thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin 1 mark d. «fibrin» forms a clot/scab/mesh that seals the cut 1 mark e. phagocytic white blood cells ingest pathogens 1 mark

    2.

    Hormones are distributed throughout the body by the blood. Outline the roles of two reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle in women.

    [2]
    Verified
    Solution

    a. FSH/follicle stimulating hormone stimulates the development of follicles/follicle cell division in the ovary «to produce eggs» 1 mark b. LH/luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation/development of the corpus luteum 1 mark c. estrogen stimulates development of the uterine lining/endometrium 1 mark d. progesterone maintains the uterine lining/endometrium OR inhibits other hormones by negative feedback eg, FSH 1 mark e. HCG stimulates ovary to produce progesterone «in early pregnancy» 1 mark f. other verifiable hormone and roles relevant to the menstrual cycle 1 mark

    3.

    Identify the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.

    [2]
    Verified
    Solution

    I. aorta 1 mark II: «left» atrium 1 mark

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