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Brownian motion
The random jittery motion of small visible particles (like smoke or pollen) caused by countless random collisions with much smaller molecules in a gas or liquid.
Heat
Heat is energy transferred between objects due to a difference in temperature.
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Kinetic theory
A model of matter (especially gases) in which particles are in constant random motion and macroscopic properties like temperature and pressure arise from their collisions.
Specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C (or 1 K).
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot an object is, linked to the average kinetic energy of its particles.
Thermal physics
The branch of physics that studies temperature, heat energy, and how energy transfers due to temperature differences, often using particle (kinetic) models of matter.