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Electron affinity
Electron affinity is the energy change when one mole of electrons is added to one mole of gaseous atoms, forming one mole of gaseous 1− ions.
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
Fertilization
The fusion of male and female gametes to produce a zygote.
Functional pathway
A sequence of organs arranged so that each step leads logically to the next.
Germination
The process where a seed absorbs water, breaks dormancy, and begins to grow.
Hybridization
When individuals from different species mate and produce offspring.
Ionisation energy
Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.
Life cycle
The sequence of developmental stages an organism passes through from birth to reproduction and eventually death.
Metamorphosis
A hormone-controlled transformation in body form as an organism progresses through its life stages.
Organ
A structure made of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function.
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to carry out a major life process.
Shared characteristics
Features found across all living organisms.
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells that can divide and differentiate into many different specialized cell types.
Example
Structural integrity
The ability of an organ to hold its shape and continue functioning under stress.
Tissue
A group of similar, specialised cells working together to perform one function.
Tissue composition
The specific arrangement of tissues inside an organ that enables it to function.