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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A long, double-helical molecule that stores genetic instructions.
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for one protein.
mRNA
A temporary copy of a gene used to carry instructions to the ribosome.
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
Semi-conservative replication
Each new DNA molecule keeps (“conserves”) half of the original DNA and builds the other half new.
Transcription
The process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence into mRNA.
Translation
The process of using mRNA instructions to assemble amino acids into a protein.