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Atom
The smallest unit of an element that retains the element’s chemical properties; it consists of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) with electrons around it.
Electric charge
A property of matter that can be positive or negative and causes electrical interactions (attraction or repulsion) between objects.
Electron
A fundamental particle with a negative electric charge of $-1.6\times 10^{-19}\,\text{C}$ and a very small mass of $9.1\times 10^{-31}\,\text{kg}$.
Electrostatic force
A force of attraction or repulsion between electric charges.
Ion
An ion is a charged atom formed by the gain or loss of electrons.
Neutron
A particle in the nucleus with no net charge and a mass about $1.67\times 10^{-27}\,\text{kg}$.
Plum pudding model
The plum pudding model describes the atom as a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons spread throughout it.
Proton
A particle in the nucleus with positive electric charge $+1.6\times 10^{-19}\,\text{C}$ and a mass about $1.67\times 10^{-27}\,\text{kg}$.