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    Question
    SLPaper 2
    1.

    Distinguish between the processes of meiosis and mitosis.

    [5]
    Verified
    Solution
    MitosisMeiosis
    a.occurs in/produces somatic cellsoccurs in/produces sex cells
    b.one cell divisiontwo cell divisions
    c.produces two (daughter) cellsproduces four (daughter) cells
    d.daughter cells identical to parent cell / does not produce genetic variationdaughter cells differ from parent cell / produces genetic variation
    e.produces cells for growth/repairproduces gametes/for reproduction
    f.chromosome number stays the same/2n/diploidchromosome number is halved/1n/haploid
    g.pairing of chromosomes does not occurhomologous chromosomes join together/pair
    h.no exchange of material between chromosomes/no crossing overexchange of material between chromosomes/crossing over
    2.

    Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a single nucleotide of RN

    [3]
    Verified
    Solution

    1 mark ribose drawn as a pentagon and labelled;

    1 mark base linked correctly (to C1) of ribose and labelled;

    1 mark phosphate linked correctly (to C5) of ribose and labelled;

    Award [2 max] if more than one nucleotide drawn.

    "Sugar" alone is insufficient.

    3.

    Explain the development of antibiotic resistance in terms of natural selection.

    [7]
    Verified
    Solution
    1. Antibiotics can (generally) kill/destroy bacteria 1 mark
    2. Some bacteria show variation/antibiotic resistance 1 mark
    3. Variation/resistance is due to a random mutation 1 mark
    4. Resistant bacteria are not killed/destroyed by the antibiotic 1 mark
      OR
      Bacteria without the mutation die
    5. (Resistant) bacteria have a selective advantage / unequal success 1 mark
    6. The bacteria with this variation/resistance reproduces/multiplies 1 mark
    7. Mutation/gene is passed on to the offspring / the offspring will be resistant to the antibiotic 1 mark
    8. Resistant bacteria become more common
    9. Bacteria have evolved to be resistant to the antibiotic

    Award [6 max] if pathogen is used instead of bacteria throughout the answer with no mention of bacteria

    Total 7 marks

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