Life is based on carbon compounds.

a. hexagonal ring structure with O at one point (between C 1 and C 5 ); 1 mark

b. correct orientation of OH groups (on carbons 1 to 4); Hydrogens not required 1 mark

c. $CH_2OH$ group shown on fifth carbon with correct orientation; 1 mark

OR d. 6 carbon chain with oxygen on first C ; 1 mark

e. H and OH groups correctly orientated; 1 mark

a. occurs by the process of photosynthesis; 1 mark

b. occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells/using chlorophyll; 1 mark

c. chlorophyll absorbs red/blue light AND reflects green light; 1 mark

d. raw materials/starting products are carbon dioxide and water/shown in an equation; 1 mark

e. water is split by photolysis; 1 mark

f. oxygen is produced as waste/by-product/lost; 1 mark

g. glucose formed/shown in an equation; 1 mark

h. glucose molecules combine to form starch for storage; 1 mark

i. light energy transformed to chemical; 1 mark

a. autotrophs/producers convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates/carbon compounds in photosynthesis; 1 mark

b. carbon dioxide diffuses/moves from the atmosphere /water into autotrophs/plants; 1 mark

c. carbon compounds are transferred through food chains/OWTTE; 1 mark

d. carbon dioxide produced by respiration diffuses out of organisms into water/atmosphere; 1 mark

e. decomposers release carbon dioxide during decay/putrefaction; 1 mark

f. methane is produced from organic matter in anaerobic conditions (by methanogens); 1 mark

g. some methane diffuses into the atmosphere/accumulates in the ground; 1 mark

h. methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide (and water) in the atmosphere; 1 mark

i. peat forms when organic matter is not fully decomposed because of acidic/anaerobic conditions in waterlogged soils; 1 mark

j. partially decomposed organic matter from past geological eras/fossils was converted into coal/oil/gas that accumulated in rocks; 1 mark

k. carbon dioxide is produced by the combustion of biomass/fossilized organic matter/fuels; 1 mark

i. hard parts of some animals/corals/molluscs are composed of calcium carbonate 1 mark

m. can become fossilized in limestone; 1 mark