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    Limescale, $CaCO_3$ (s), can be removed from water kettles by using vinegar, a dilute solutionof ethanoic acid, $CH_3COOH$(aq).

    Question
    SLPaper 2

    Limescale, CaCO3CaCO_3CaCO3​ (s), can be removed from water kettles by using vinegar, a dilute solutionof ethanoic acid, CH3COOHCH_3COOHCH3​COOH(aq).

    1.

    Predict, giving a reason, a difference between the reactions of the same concentrations of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with samples of calcium carbonate.

    [2]
    Verified
    Solution

    slower rate with ethanoic acid

    OR

    smaller temperature rise with ethanoic acid

    1 mark

    [H+][H^+][H+] lower

    OR

    ethanoic acid is partially dissociated

    OR

    ethanoic acid is weak

    1 mark

    Accept experimental observations such as “slower bubbling” or “feels less warm”.

    2 marks in total

    2.

    Dissolved carbon dioxide causes unpolluted rain to have a pH of approximately 5, but other dissolved gases can result in a much lower pH. State one environmental effect of acid rain.

    [1]
    Verified
    Solution

    Any one of:

    corrosion of materials/metals/carbonate materials

    destruction of plant/aquatic life

    «indirect» effect on human health

    Accept “lowering pH of oceans/lakes/waterways”.

    1 mark max

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