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    The diagram shows the structure of an alveolus and an adjacent capillary.

    Question
    SLPaper 2

    The diagram shows the structure of an alveolus and an adjacent capillary.

    Image

    1.

    Outline the functions of type I and type II pneumocytes.

    [2]
    Verified
    Solution

    Type I:

    • Carry out gas exchange
      OR
      Diffusion of gases/CO2CO_2CO2​/O2O_2O2​; 1 mark

    Type II:

    • Secrete fluid/surfactant; 1 mark
    2.

    Explain how gases are exchanged between the air in the alveolus and the blood in the capillaries.

    [3]
    Verified
    Solution
    • O2O_2O2​ concentration in alveolar air greater than in capillary/blood «prior to gas exchange»
      OR
      Hemoglobin in blood binds oxygen maintaining the concentration gradient; 1 mark
    • O2O_2O2​ gas dissolves in water lining the alveolus; 1 mark
    • O2O_2O2​ diffuses through wall of alveolus and capillary into blood; 1 mark
    • CO2CO_2CO2​ concentration in blood greater than in alveolar air «prior to gas exchange»; 1 mark
    • CO2CO_2CO2​ diffuses through wall of capillary and alveolus into alveolar airspace; 1 mark

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